Genomic Approaches for the Conservation and Improvement of Korean Native Chickens – A Review

Abstract

Understanding the genomic basis of indigenous livestock is essential for both conservation and sustainable improvement. Korean native chickens (KNCs), although representing a small fraction of the poultry industry in Korea, are distinguished by their unique meat quality, robustness, and adaptability. Recent genomic studies have investigated their genetic diversity, evolutionary history, and economically important traits. High-density SNP arrays and population structure analyses have clarified the distinct identity of KNC lines, while runs of homozygosity have provided insights into inbreeding, conservation progress, and functional loci. Selection signature analyses have identified candidate genes related to growth, metabolism, reproduction, and immune function, reflecting line-specific adaptation. Genome-wide association studies have further identified variants associated with taste-active compounds, fatty acid composition, and growth traits, offering a foundation for genomic selection. Moreover, research on disease-related genes, such as the major histocompatibility complex B genes, has documented substantial genetic variability in KNCs, establishing important genomic resources for subsequent studies on avian immunity and pathogen response. Together, these findings highlight KNCs as valuable reservoirs of genetic variation with implications for both conservation and breeding. More broadly, the genomic insights obtained from KNCs provide a cautious yet informative model for indigenous livestock worldwide, demonstrating how genomic tools can support sustainable breeding programs that balance biodiversity preservation with productivity.