Adjectival hybrid nomination in the German language in the 17th-18th centuries: structural and semantic aspects
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and semantic potential of German hybrid adjectives in the 17th-18th centuries. The article examines hybrid lexemes of the New High German period from the perspective of word formation and semantic content. The use and influence of borrowed material are analyzed, and the domains of usage of hybrid adjectives are determined. Furthermore, productive word-formation patterns and methods of hybrid word formation are identified. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, the formation of hybrid adjectives in German is examined from a diachronic perspective. The study reveals the special role of the adjectival suffix -isch as a conduit for introducing borrowed roots into the lexico-semantic system of German adjectives. The interaction between cognate hybrid words and loanwords during the period under study is demonstrated. The formation of a category of borrowed suffixes in the German language is also highlighted. As a result of the study, it is proven that the establishment of the hybrid corpus of adjectives in the 17th-18th centuries began with the process of calquing from Latin, expanded through the use of foreign stems combined with the German suffix - isch, and further developed through the application of certain Latin prefixes. Compounding was not widely used. Semantic changes in hybrid adjectives occurred under the influence of borrowed lexemes.