Public Perception of the Role and Professional Identity of Advanced Practice Nurses in Lithuania
TL;DR
Examination of public perceptions of the role and professional identity of advanced practice nurses in Lithuania revealed that the public evaluates the professional image of advanced practice nurses (APNs) positively, however, it is primarily associated with traditional nursing values, particularly the perception of nursing as “a caring profession” and patient-centeredness.
Abstract
Introduction/Objective: Advanced practice nurses (APNs) play an increasingly important role in healthcare systems by expanding access to high-quality, patient-centred care. However, public understanding of the APNs’ role remains limited, particularly regarding their autonomy, leadership, and scope of practice. In Lithuania, APNs represent a relatively new professional group, and to date, no quantitative study has examined public perceptions of their role, competencies, and professional identity. Understanding these perceptions is essential for supporting the successful integration of APNs into the Lithuanian healthcare system. The aim of this study was to examine public perceptions of the role and professional identity of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in Lithuania. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected between October 2025 and January 2026 through an anonymous online questionnaire survey. Participants were recruited using a non-probability convenience sampling strategy. A total of 518 respondents participated in the study (n = 518). Data were collected using the Nursing’s Current Brand Position Scale (NCBPS) and the Nursing’s Desired Brand Position Scale (NDBPS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). Results: The findings revealed that the public evaluates the professional image of advanced practice nurses (APNs) positively. However, it is primarily associated with traditional nursing values, particularly the perception of nursing as “a caring profession” and patient-centeredness. A statistically significant difference was found between the current and desired APN professional image across all evaluated dimensions (overall mean scores: 6.61 ± 1.67 vs. 7.68 ± 1.67; t = −18.426; p < 0.001), with the largest gap observed in perceptions of APNs as patient advocates, educational leaders, and research contributors. The desired image reflects public expectations for APNs to function as autonomous, decision-making professionals who actively represent patients’ interests. A significant positive association was identified between professional image evaluation and trust in APN competencies (r = 0.66, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Participants in the present study generally perceived the professional image of advanced practice nurses (APNs) positively, primarily associating it with caring and patient-centred care rather than leadership and strategic roles. The comparison between the current and desired professional images suggests that respondents expressed higher expectations for the APN role. Respondents reported moderately high trust in APNs, which was significantly associated with perceptions of their professional image.