A Data-Driven Risk-Informed Computational Framework for Distribution Network Reconfiguration Under High Photovoltaic Penetration

Abstract

High levels of photovoltaic (PV) generation in distribution networks create substantial uncertainty and voltage variability, which limits the effectiveness of conventional deterministic distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) strategies. In PV-dominated feeders, rare but severe operating conditions may considerably influence active power losses and voltage stability. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a risk-informed optimization framework for DNR that combines reinforcement learning with probabilistic performance assessment. A Deep Q-Network (DQN) agent is designed to support the selection of feasible radial switching configurations by interacting with the distribution network environment. Throughout the learning process, candidate network topologies are evaluated through radial load flow calculations, while a composite objective function incorporating active power losses and voltage deviation steers the agent toward improved configurations. The training stage is based on deterministic performance indices; however, the final reconfiguration solution is assessed under uncertainty to examine its operational robustness. For this purpose, extensive Monte Carlo simulations are performed to capture the stochastic behavior of PV generation and load demand. Tail-based risk metrics, including Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), are computed for both loss and voltage deviation indices, providing insight into the performance of the selected configuration under unfavorable operating scenarios. The proposed framework is first validated on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system and then further investigated on the IEEE 69-bus network. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed DQN-based reconfiguration approach can enhance voltage profiles and reduce power losses under high PV penetration. In addition, the probabilistic analysis identifies meaningful trade-offs between efficiency and voltage robustness, highlighting the importance of considering uncertainty-driven risk assessment in computational decision-making for modern active distribution networks.