Early-life chemical exposures may contribute to adverse health outcomes later in life. However, conventional chemical analyses typically cover only a limited subset of the chemical exposureome. Suspect and nontargeted screening (SS/NTS) using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) workflows provides a powerful framework for comprehensive assessments of exposure, with the potential to detect a broad range of environmental contaminants and emerging chemicals. An interlaboratory assay involving 12 laboratories was performed to evaluate the comparability and complementarity of SS/NTS approaches for maternal urine, serum, and milk, based on reversed-phase (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and gas chromatography (GC) with HRMS. Participants used in-house methods to possibly detect a predefined and shared list of 50 compounds with varying polarities spiked at three concentrations. The overall detection rates ranged from 4% to 72% for all three techniques, with RPLC-HRMS covering compounds with log P 0–6, while HILIC-HRMS and GC-HRMS extended this coverage. Univariate and multivariable analyses of RPLC-HRMS results for serum and urine identified sample preparation steps as key factors influencing detection rates. Workflow performances were additionally benchmarked by using the S-score. These findings demonstrate the complementarity of SS/NTS platforms for extending chemical-space coverage for the most comprehensive exposure characterization. Therefore, efforts should be made for harmonized QA/QC provisions while conserving the added value of different workflows for exposure data for risk assessments.
Tarek Moufawad, K. Ayeni, E. Baira et al.· Environmental Science &...· 0 citations
Children are considered a vulnerable subpopulation for exposure to emerging contaminants such as organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs). However, in some countries, only limited data on PFR exposure in children are available. Therefore, this study investigated exposure to 8 PFRs by analysis of urinary levels of 13 PFR metabolites in children (n = 502, 6-14 years) from specific regions in Egypt, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea. Overall, more than half of the children showed exposure to triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), with South Korean children showing the highest urinary levels for diphenyl phosphate (DPHP, 0.78 ng/mL), bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP, 0.27 ng/mL), and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP, 0.74 ng/mL). Children in Bangladesh showed the lowest detection frequencies and urinary metabolite levels for DPHP (0.27 ng/mL), 2-ethylhexyl phenyl phosphate (EHPHP, < LOQ), and 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl diphenyl phosphate (5-HO-EHDPHP, < LOQ). Exposure patterns differed significantly between countries. Differences in exposure patterns might result from differences in lifestyle habits such as consumption of canned food, canned beverages, and microwaved food, and housing characteristics. In addition, country-specific flame-retardant regulations might also explain differences between countries. Risk assessment showed only one child with a risk characterization ratio and hazard index > 1, indicating that the included population was not at acute risk for adverse effects due to exposure to PFRs.
F. den Ouden, Danielle E. Que, Stijn Bosschaerts et al.· Journal of Environmental Exp...· 0 citations
The need to develop targeted exposure-reduction strategies and regulatory interventions for Thai children is highlighted, as sauce consumption and medication use were associated with higher phthalate levels.
Ah-Reum Jo, Pussadee Laor, Joeun Jung et al.· International Journal of Hyg...· 0 citations
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