Outcome-Specific Performance of HALP, AIMS65, Glasgow–Blatchford, and Rockall Scores in Emergency Department Patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Retrospective Cohort Study
HALP showed limited discrimination across the evaluated UGIB outcomes, and no statistically significant adjusted association with mortality was observed, which support outcome-specific selection of UGIB risk scores and do not support the use of HALP as a stand-alone risk-stratification tool without external validation.