Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Development and validation of a multidimensional digital inequality index for assessing digital literacy, affordability, infrastructure, and socio-demographic determinants of digital inclusion
Within this stakeholder group, educational attainment is a key factor associated with meaningful digital participation, whereas age and gender showed comparatively smaller effects, and the study highlights perceived barriers related to affordability, infrastructure, and governance.
Osman Mohamed Ishaq, Faruqul Islam, Md Jaber Alam et al.
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