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Author

Florian Mai

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Open access Jul 2026

All too perfect: bias and aspiration in persona generation with LLMs

It is proposed that persona-based evaluation can serve as a scalable diagnostic of what generative systems value and prioritize when depicting humanity, and that persona generations are far from neutral.

N. Corrêa, Rafaela Weber Mallmann, David Kaczér et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Jul 2026

A Unified Moral-Value Dataset for Instruction Tuning

This work constructs a unified moral-value dataset that can be directly used for instruction tuning, built upon existing moral-value datasets by merging them into a unified corpus and converting them into an instruction-response format.

Zhaohui Zeng, Florian Mai · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

Data Attribution of Emergent Misalignment with Persona Features

Emergent misalignment (EM) is the phenomenon where fine-tuning a language model on a narrow task leads to harmful behavior in unrelated domains. A leading mechanistic account attributes EM to persona features: latent directions acquired during pre-training that misaligned fine-tuning amplifies. We ask where these features come from: which pre-training documents activate them, and whether naturally occurring human-written text suffices to induce EM. Using Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) based model diffing across four open-weight models, we find that features related to jailbreak personas, sarcasm, deception, and manipulation are amplified by misalignment fine-tuning, while safety-relevant and assistant-identity features are suppressed. Steering individual features controls EM in both directions: it induces misalignment rates of up to 62% in aligned models -- exceeding the 35% reached by misalignment fine-tuning itself -- and re-aligns misaligned models to near-baseline misalignment rates. Attributing the causal features to a corpus of one million pre-training web documents retrieves semantically relevant narratives about villainous characters, domination, and harmful agency. However, fine-tuning on these human-written documents does not reliably induce EM, even after reformatting into assistant-style responses, whereas synthetic instruction-response pairs derived from the same content do -- and transfer across model families. Semantic relevance alone is therefore not sufficient: response structure or model-generated phrasing plays an important role in inducing EM.

C. Vetter, David Kaczér, Lucie Flek et al. · 0 citations