Hong-Rui Cao

A critical review of 4D printed metamaterials: printing technology, materials, structures, applications and challenges

In recent years, 4D printing technology, as an extension of 3D printing, has revolutionized the field of smart materials by introducing time as the fourth dimension, endowing materials with the ability to dynamically respond to external stimuli. At the same time, metamaterials have emerged as a frontier in materials sc...