Aug 2026· Frontiers in Materials· 0 citations· 73 references
Abstract
In recent years, 4D printing technology, as an extension of 3D printing, has revolutionized the field of smart materials by introducing time as the fourth dimension, endowing materials with the ability to dynamically respond to external stimuli. At the same time, metamaterials have emerged as a frontier in materials science due to their artificially designed microstructures, which exhibit unique mechanical, acoustic, or electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials. The integration of these two technologies, i.e., 4D printed metamaterials, not only breaks the boundaries of traditional manufacturing but also offers innovative solutions for aerospace, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, and other fields. This review systematically summarizes the research progress and development trends of 4D printed metamaterials from four aspects: technical foundations, material properties, typical applications, and future challenges, with a focus on clarifying the logical connection between 4D printing technology, smart materials, and metamaterial performance, as well as their practical application value.
Four-dimensional (4D) printing represents a paradigm shift in additive manufacturing by which three-dimensionally printed objects are able to perform temporally changing shape, property, or function upon stimulation by environmental signals. In this review, the state-of-the-art of 4D printing technology, especially as...
K. Dewangan· Journal of Thermoplastic Com...· 0 citations
In recent years, advanced materials have been explored to improve the performance of flexible electronics. As conventional approaches reach their limits, Metamaterials, which are artificially created materials with special electromagnetic properties not found in nature, have emerged as a promising alternative, enabli...
S. D. de Holanda, A. M. da Silva, Thiago F. Santos et al.· Applied Research· 0 citations
Mechanically intelligent materials exhibit non-intuitive mechanical properties due to their microstructure design rather than inherent material composition, and have attracted extensive attention in multiple engineering fields. In recent years, integrating them with textile manufacturing has become a promising interdis...
Ke-Sheng Chen, Xiao-Shuang Cui, Tian-Jiao Zhang et al.· Journal of Fiber Bioengineer...· 0 citations
Since the late 1980s, additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a prominent fabrication technology, experiencing significant advancements over the past decades. Even with its rapid development, this technology still faces many manufacturing challenges. Driven by the development of AM, 5D printing evolved from conventi...
M. Abdullah, Syed Masood Arif Bukhari, N. Husnain et al.· Journal of Manufacturing and...· 0 citations
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and their multifunctional composites have become important material systems for 4D printing because they can be processed into structures with programmed deformation and stimulus-responsive actuation. After being fixed in a temporary configuration, SMPs are able to recover their permanent s...
Gang Wang, Meng-Yao Dong, Jun-Fang Shen et al.· Materials· 0 citations
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