Implications of the Genotoxic Effects of Carcinogens on Smokeless Tobacco Products for Public Health Interventions and Oral Health
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is a major global health risk due to its established genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. This brief communication summarizes the most significant and contemporary molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, nitrosamine-driven DNA adduct formation, and heavy-metal-mediated repair inhibiti...