Teaching Strategies for the Development of Critical Thinking in Educational Contexts: A Systematic Review
Critical thinking is an essential competency for addressing the challenges of contemporary education. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the teaching strategies with the strongest scientific support for its development across different educational contexts. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines through the review of twenty studies published between 2022 and 2026, selected from specialized databases according to quality and relevance criteria. The results show that problem-based learning, project-based learning, metacognition, and active methodologies are the most effective strategies for strengthening analysis, argumentation, problem-solving, and self-regulation skills. Likewise, generative artificial intelligence emerges as a complementary resource whose impact depends on appropriate pedagogical mediation. It is concluded that the development of critical thinking requires a comprehensive educational approach that articulates didactic innovation, teacher training, and emerging technologies.