Adaptive Physics-Informed Digital Twin-Based Energy Management for Dynamic Inductive Charging of Four-Wheel Drive Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Dynamic inductive charging (DIC) combined with hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities offers a promising pathway toward extended-range electric vehicles with grid integration benefits. However, real-time optimal energy management remains challenging due to multi-axis coil misalignm...