A robust framework integrating random standard deviation sampling with machine learning for volatile fatty acids prediction in Fe3O4-mediated high-load anaerobic fermentation.
Predicting volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in Fe3O4-mediated high-load anaerobic fermentation (AF) is hindered by stochastic uncertainty and intrinsic data scarcity. To bridge the gap between the lab-scale datasets and industrial prediction demands, this study established the RSDS-ML framework integrating random standard d...