Generative-AI use for schoolwork and adolescents' unassisted competencies: a split-sample, within-student analysis of 83 education systems in PISA 2025
Preregistration of a secondary analysis of PISA 2025. We test whether more frequent use of AI chatbots for schoolwork is associated with lower unassisted science performance within schools (H1) and with a reading-specific deficit within students relative to science (H2a) and mathematics (H2b), using a split-sample desi...