An Adaptive Memetic Multi-Objective Metaheuristic for Computational Design Optimisation of Hybrid-Nanofluid Evacuated-Tube Solar Collectors
Evacuated-tube solar collectors charged with hybrid nanofluids can raise thermal output, but their coupled thermal and hydraulic response depends on many interacting variables, making the design an optimisation rather than a prediction problem. This study recasts it as a constrained, mixed-variable, three-objective tas...