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R. Timofte

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Preprint Jul 2026

Device-First Feedback: Toward Mobile-Native LLM-Driven Neural Architecture Search

Deploying convolutional neural networks generated by large language models (LLMs) on real mobile hardware requires more than GPU validation accuracy: INT8 TensorFlow Lite export, delegate selection, and on-device latency jointly determine whether a model is usable. We present an automated mobile deployment pipeline that closes the loop from QLoRA fine-tuning of an architecture-generating LLM through GPU evaluation, INT8 export, and physical-device benchmarking to gated augmentation of the training corpus. The pipeline is fully scripted and runs cycle-by-cycle without manual intervention, with resume support after interruptions. We evaluate the same frozen protocol on two benchmarks, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, on a Samsung SM-P613 tablet (seed 42, 20 models per cycle, cycles 0-6). On CIFAR-10, cycle 1 is gate-accepted and improves the mobile deployment score approximately 25.6x over the baseline with a mean quantized accuracy of 46.9%; later cycles raise GPU accuracy but fail the non-decreasing mobile gate. On CIFAR-100, the pre-QLoRA baseline retains the best mobile score; iterative rounds improve GPU accuracy (up to 26.2%) yet cannot surpass cycle 0 on-device, and the training pool stalls at 19 examples after the first accepted round. Together, the two studies show that closed-loop GPU fine-tuning does not guarantee monotonic mobile gains, especially on harder classification tasks, and that multi-dataset, on-device measurement is needed to stress-test deployment objectives. We release per-cycle metrics with 95% confidence intervals, all figures, and complete reproduction commands.

Saif U Din, Muhammad Hussain, R. Timofte et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Jul 2026

LLM-Driven Neural Network Generation with Same-Family Architecture Guidance: Disentangling Transfer and Adaptation

Large language models (LLMs) can generate neural-network modifications, but unrestricted generation is often invalid or harmful. This paper studies a narrower setting: improving a weak target model using a stronger same-family source model from a neural-network database. We propose a source-guided candidate-generation protocol with non-source controls, source-conditioned candidates, and a no-LLM hp_copy ablation under equal evaluation budgets. The protocol reports validity separately from accuracy and selects the best valid candidate only when it improves the target. On CIFAR-10, the strongest source-guided candidate reaches 0.5049 accuracy versus 0.2398 for the best non-source candidate, a +0.2651 advantage, while improving a weak target originally at 0.1254; a five-epoch check preserves the gain at 0.7686 versus 0.4839. On SVHN AlexNet with DeepSeek-Coder-6.7B, source-guided transfer reaches 0.7880 versus 0.2254, a +0.5626 advantage; a fresh repeat reaches 0.8069 versus 0.2509, a +0.5560 advantage. Direct source-recipe copy produces 0.1959 on SVHN AlexNet, matching the original target, while hp_transfer reaches 0.7880, showing that the LLM adapts rather than copies the source recipe. Family-level analysis shows the clearest positive signals for AlexNet, with 6/8 wins across SVHN, Imagenette, and CelebA-Gender, and alt_nn1, with 8/10 wins on CIFAR-10.

Kabir Baghel, R. Timofte, Dmitry Ignatov · 0 citations
Preprint Jul 2026

Similarity-Guided Curriculum Fine-Tuning of LLMs for Neural Architecture Synthesis

A cross-dataset transfer observation on SVHN, where direct base-model generation without curriculum warmup yields 27% peak SR at substantially lower accuracy than the CIFAR-10 equivalent, is reported, consistent with the increased synthesis difficulty of the unq-family anchor architecture.

Anujaya Vijayakumar, R. Timofte, Dmitry Ignatov · 0 citations
Preprint Jul 2026

LEMUR 2: Unlocking Neural Network Diversity for AI

This dataset defines a new basis for reproducible and data-driven AI design, advancing the emerging paradigm of LLM-driven AutoML and architectural generalization across modalities and hardware.

Tolgay Atinc Uzun, Waleed Khalid, Saif U Din et al. · 19 citations