Reinforcement learning for code usually rewards passing tests, which a model can do while remaining wrong on the inputs the tests do not cover. A program verifier instead decides whether a program satisfies a formal specification for all inputs. Language models are almost always paired with verifiers at inference time...
George Ma, Yu-Hao Zhang, B. He et al.· 0 citations
Recursive self-improvement (RSI) of a model on non-verifiable tasks, such as open-ended research, faces a supervision bottleneck when its outputs exceed what even human experts can reliably assess, leaving the model itself (optimizee) as the best available optimizer and evaluator. However, a single model instance strug...
Recent studies on reinforcement learning (RL) report seemingly conflicting evidence about large language model (LLM) reasoning. Training on mathematics can improve performance in other domains, yet gains in Pass@1 can coincide with lower Pass@$N$ than the base model. This raises a fundamental question: does RL expand a...
Zi-Heng Cheng, Yi-Xiao Huang, Han-Lin Zhu et al.· 0 citations
This work presents Benchproofer, a pipeline that turns a coding task with a known correct patch into a formally verified one, which writes a specification for the new code, summarizes the existing functions that code calls with axioms, and admits an instance only after mechanical and adversarial gates agree.
George Ma, Benjamin Mikek, Hao-Yu Li et al.· 2 citations
Ensuring the correctness of LLM-generated code is a core challenge for modern software engineering. Benchmarks for agentic code generation check correctness with held-out test suites, which are inherently incomplete and increasingly susceptible to memorization. Formal verification avoids both problems, but existing wor...
George Ma, Benjamin Mikek, Hao-Yu Li et al.· 0 citations
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