X. Montalban

Serum Glial-Related Biomarkers Show Distinct Contributions to Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes in Early Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between serum levels of glial-related biomarkers, including glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (GPNMB), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), galectin-3, serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 3 (SERPINA3), chitotriosidase-1 (CH...

Evaluation of the 2022 international consensus criteria for optic neuritis: the role of clinical features and visual evoked potentials

Spinal cord imaging in multiple sclerosis: from diagnosis to disease progression

The characteristic MRI features of MS SC lesions and their key inflammatory and non-inflammatory differentials are described, and the role of SC imaging in diagnosis is examined, particularly in the context of the 2024 revisions to the McDonald criteria.

Ten Years of Ocrelizumab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Key Points Question What is the long-term safety and efficacy profile of ocrelizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS)? Findings In the OPERA I/II randomized clinical trials including 1656 patients with RMS, treatment with ocrelizumab for up to 10 years led to near-complete and sustained suppression o...

“Low‐Positive” MOG‐IgG Cases Among Adults With a First Event Suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with “low‐positive” (LP) MOG‐IgG (titres 1:160–1:320) among adults with a first demyelinating event (FDE) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods From the Barcelona CIS inception cohort, we included adult patients with serum...

Rethinking multiple sclerosis therapy beyond clinical phenotypes.

Sormani et al. argue that multiple sclerosis should be viewed as a biological continuum rather than distinct clinical forms. Evidence from recent trials suggests that therapies targeting shared biological mechanisms can slow disability progression across the disease spectrum, supporting a shift away from traditional cl...

Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score associates with hippocampal subfield atrophy and immune-related genetic mechanism

Specific AD-SNPs enriched in immune-brain axis pathways rather than Aβ related processes, were associated with reduced volumes of CA1 and subiculum prior to dementia onset, which supports that AD-PRS may capture genetic susceptibility to concomitant neurodegenerative diseases frequently misdiagnosed as AD.

Refining Treatment Monitoring in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Based on Changes on Neurofilament Light Chain Z-Scores.

Failure to reduce zNfL levels after 1 year of treatment was associated with subsequent disease activity, even in patients otherwise considered stable, providing complementary information to clinical and MRI-based monitoring.