Reusable skills give agents transferable procedural knowledge, making scalable acquisition essential for extending agents beyond prior experience. Existing methods face two limitations: trajectory-based synthesis requires interactions with specific environments, while document-derived skills may lack executable evidence and verification. Source code offers a complementary path: it requires no prior agent experience yet provides executable evidence for grounding abstractions. We present Code2Skill, a fully automated pipeline that transforms selected code units into implementation-anchored records of atomic operations, composite workflows, and recurring patterns, then verifies each record through source-body-blind reconstruction and source-aware comparison. Applied to 19,769 popular, actively maintained GitHub repositories, Code2Skill produces CodeSkillBank, a grounded bank of 1,006,822 accepted records with workflow, boundary, provenance, and source-evidence metadata. Across 72 protocol-matched evaluations covering nine model settings and eight benchmarks, models augmented with retrieved CodeSkillBank skills improve by 11.7% on average over matched baselines and outperform them in 57 cases. Under a unified downstream interface, Code2Skill also outperforms trajectory-derived skill banks on all seven shared benchmarks, showing that repository-derived skills can provide useful procedural knowledge before agents accumulate sufficient interaction experience. Skills synthesized from tested AI-generated code achieve a 93.50% pass rate, compared with 93.00% for human-written code, providing initial evidence that the pipeline can expand with the growing volume of AI-generated software. Overall, Code2Skill transforms procedural knowledge embedded in repositories into grounded, verifiable, and transferable agent skills.
Yong-Qi Tong, Pan Wang, Hang Wang et al.· 0 citations
Open-ended real-world interaction admits multiple valid behaviors: an agent may answer directly, ask for clarification, provide progress updates, or confirm before acting. This flexibility breaks a core assumption behind group-based RL: rollouts compared within a group are no longer guaranteed to be behaviorally comparable. As a result, reward-model preferences over interaction style can distort relative advantages and steer optimization toward reward-preferred behaviors rather than context-appropriate ones. We formalize this as a \textit{reward fairness problem} and propose \textbf{ARC} (Advantage Regularization via Conditioning), a training recipe that restores fairer relative comparison through strategy-conditioned rollout grouping, together with hybrid rewards and entropy regularization. We study ARC in our proposed \inter, a novel paradigm for responsive, steerable, and execution-aware user-agent interaction that decouples user-visible communication from latent reasoning and tool use. \inter\ also provides the annotation and distillation pipeline for constructing \inter-86K, our strategy-annotated training corpus for supervised and RL training. Empirically, ARC substantially strengthens the core $\tau/\tau^2$ tool-use benchmarks, while \inter\ reduces time-to-first-token from 4.91s to 1.27s relative to a think-style baseline. Together, these results suggest that a central bottleneck in open-ended interactive learning is not only how agents are rewarded, but whether their behaviors are compared fairly in the first place. The ARC implementation and \inter-86K training data will be released.
Yongqi Tong, Tan Li Hui Faith, C. Marcus et al.· 0 citations
ACA-RL supports a new mission for NLP evaluation: measuring whether models can recognize when a task is underdetermined and handle uncertainty, not only whether they can answer fully specified questions.
Yong-Qi Tong, Zhenyu Zhang, Zimou Liu et al.· 0 citations
This work proposes \methodname, a stability-guided active-set controller for controlled objective admission, a stability-guided active-set controller for controlled objective admission in reward-vector RLHF, which positions objective-entry timing as a concrete control variable in reward-vector RLHF.
Yong-Qi Tong, Z. Zhang, Ruirui Wang et al.· 0 citations
DARC is proposed, a diagnosis-guided recovery harness that profiles task-family failure modes, prunes mismatched interventions from a shared recovery library, and freezes a verifier-selected success-cost policy for deployment, providing a practical route toward more reliable agents in domains where compiler-like feedback is absent.
Pan Wang, Yihao Hu, Hang Wang et al.· 0 citations
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