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Zh.M. Tolen

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Review Open access Aug 2026

Parliamentary discourse and legislative approaches to artificial intelligence regulation: a comparative analysis of five jurisdictions

An updated five-part typology of AI regulation is proposed, introducing the concept of “sovereignty through partnership” as an alternative to technological autarky and one-sided regulatory borrowing, and conceptualizes “delayed reflection” as a regulatory pattern among established democracies that recognize infrastruct...

Elnur Beisenbayev, Bakhytzhan Bukharbayev, Zh.M. Tolen et al. · 1 citation
Open access 2026

The influence of new media on political culture in Kazakhstan

In the modern digital era, new media platforms have significantly changed political culture and citizen participation in different countries around the world. Kazakhstan, which has a unique socio-political structure, is also experiencing changes in political participation, especially among young people. The widespread...

Zh.M. Tolen, A. Khalbekov, Sh.M. Zhandossova · 0 citations

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