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artificial intelligence

19,710 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

MUON-RT Reusing the Teacher's Trajectory for Momentum-Free Muon for LLM Self-Distillation

Self-distillation methods for large language models with an exponential moving average (EMA) teacher already retain a history of student updates. Muon nevertheless stores a separate momentum buffer, increasing persistent training memory. We propose Muon with Reused Teacher (Muon-RT), which reuses the teacher-student di...

Aryan Das, Vinay Kumar Verma, Aakansha Mishra · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Where, When, and How Many Bits? Scaling Laws for SGD with Stochastic Rounding

This work theoretically study how stochastic rounding (SR) affects prediction risk as model size, training time, and precision change, and derives how the smallest prediction error decreases with compute, and identifies model sizes and training times that achieve optimal-compute scaling.

Zhi-Chao Wang, Michael W. Mahoney · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

bf16 Rounding Silently Discards Most RL Policy Updates: A Hidden Training-Inference Mismatch and an Unbiased One-Line Fix

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training of language models keeps fp32 master weights in the optimizer and serves rollouts from a bf16 copy produced by round-to-nearest conversion. At the learning rates in common use, most per-step updates are smaller than half a bf16 spacing and the conversion discards them: on Qwen3...

Andrew Gao, William Gao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Accept Changes, Reject Attacks: Robust Memory Management for LLM Agents

Since large language model (LLM) agents rely on long-term memory, what they store now shapes what they do later. A memory manager decides how each input changes this memory and which records the agent acts on. It can fail in two ways: keeping a fact that has since changed (outdated memory), or storing a planted passage...

Runze Zhao, Dongruo Zhou, Sumit Kumar Jha et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Characterizing Recoverable Expert-Utilization Signatures in Fine-Tuned Mixture-of-Experts LLMs

As Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models are increasingly deployed in distributed environments, from federated learning to edge-cloud systems, their architecture harbors an underexplored landscape of security vulnerabilities. Moving beyond textual analysis, we uncover structural memorization: a novel vulnerabi...

Fei Wang, Baochun Li, Bo Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

WebOverlay: High-Throughput Vision-Only Distillation for Extreme Aspect-Ratio Web Overlay Detection

Web overlays, such as cookie consent banners, newsletter prompts, and age gates, obstruct automated web crawlers and degrade downstream document representations. While proprietary multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can accurately identify overlays, their latency and inference cost preclude web-scale ingestion. Co...

Jiannan Huang, Jerry Ding, Li Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Dreams Are Cheaper Than Flights: Curated World-Model Data Improves Aerial Detection

Robot perception is increasingly data driven, yet field data is slow, costly, and sometimes disruptive to collect. Video world models offer a cheaper source: seeded with real frames, they extend a recorded scene into new footage with the deployment's sensor, altitude, and environment. We ask whether such synthetic data...

Rugved Katole, Vedant Patil, Jenna Kline et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Towards Understanding Score-Seeking in LLMs

Production large language models sometimes reward-hack, exploiting flaws in how tasks are scored rather than performing the tasks as intended, sometimes in highly sophisticated and adversarial ways. We investigate the motivations driving this behavior in GPT 5.6 Sol, GPT 5.5, and a checkpoint of OpenAI o3 without safet...

Aghyad Deeb, Ryan Greenblatt, Alex Mallen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

STAR: Steering Action Representations during Inference

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) map language instructions and visual observations to robot actions, showing strong capabilities across robotic manipulation tasks. However, in our probing experiment, we find that action representations near the action output do not fully preserve task-relevant visual grounding. Mot...

Guangyu Zhao, Yongchang Zhang, Haoxuan Ru et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Steering Vectors as a Training Signal in LLM Post-Training

Steering vectors (SVs) are residual-stream directions that shift the behavior of LLMs when added to hidden states at inference time. While prior work has mainly used SVs as post-hoc controls, we ask whether the same directions can also guide parameter updates during post-training. We study this question across supervis...

Tiejin Chen, Maunil Vyas, Huaiyuan Yao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Nov 2026

CAMEL: Cross-Architecture Masked Embedding Learning for Ultra-Lightweight Retinal Foundation Models

Recent progress in deep learning has substantially advanced automated grading of ophthalmologic pathologies, supported by large annotated datasets and improved representation learning. However, a significant gap remains between state-of-the-art performance and clinical scalability. In particular, foundation models have...

Andre Guarnier De Mitri, Giovani Decico Lucafo, Miller Matheus Lima Anacleto Rocha et al. · 0 citations

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