This work proposes Jacobian Scopes, a suite of gradient-based, token level causal attribution methods for interpreting LLM predictions that reveal implicit political biases, uncover word- and phrase-level translation strategies, and shed light on recently debated mechanisms underlying in-context time-series forecasting...
To-Ni J. B. Liu, Baran Zadeoglu, Gurbir Arora et al.· 0 citations
Data systems operating under persistent legal, institutional, and analytic disagreement require shared reference without presupposing agreement about interpretation. This paper investigates identity preservation under transformation, building on the conditional neutrality result of Neutral Substrates (arXiv:2601.14271)...
Multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) introduce an emerging paradigm for medical imaging by interpreting scans through the lens of extensive clinical knowledge, offering a transformative approach to disease classification. This study presents a critical comparison between two fundamentally different AI architectures:...
Md. Sazzadul Islam Prottasha, Nabil Walid Rafi· 0 citations
Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based coding agents are now used to generate code from natural-language specifications, yet ensuring such code is both functionally correct and secure remains a challenge. We present DualGauge, the first fully automated framework for jointly evaluating correctness and security of sp...
Rupam Patir, Keyan Guo, Suvadra Barua et al.· 0 citations
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Macrocyclic peptides are an emerging modality that combines biologics-like affinity with small-molecule-like developability, yet their vast combinatorial space and multi-parameter objectives make lead optimization slow and challenging. Prior generative approaches for peptide lead optimization (e.g., PepINVENT) require...
Visual neural decoding seeks to reconstruct or infer perceived visual stimuli from brain activity patterns, providing critical insights into human cognition and enabling transformative applications in brain-computer interfaces and artificial intelligence. Current approaches, however, remain constrained by the scarcity...
Wenjiang Zhang, Sifeng Wang, Yuwei Su et al.· 0 citations
AI answer engines are a relatively new kind of information search tool: rather than returning a ranked list of documents, they generate an answer to a search question with inline citations to sources. But reading the cited sources is costly, and citation links themselves offer little guidance about what evidence they c...
Hita Kambhamettu, Alyssa Hwang, Philippe Laban et al.· 0 citations
Recent mechanistic work has uncovered learned algorithms within neural networks, from modular arithmetic to search and planning in game-playing agents. But does algorithmic structure guarantee algorithmic behavior? We investigate this in Leela Chess Zero, the strongest neural chess engine, where prior work identified l...
Elias Sandmann, Sebastian Lapuschkin, Wojciech Samek· 0 citations
More than twenty-five years ago, early ideas emerged on how to design systems that provide recommendations to groups of users rather than individuals. Since then, a wide range of algorithmic approaches has been proposed to elicit individual preferences, aggregate them, and generate group recommendations. However, despi...
Dietmar Jannach, Amra Deli\'c, Francesco Ricci et al.· 0 citations
Background and purpose: Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) enables conformal dose delivery for head and neck (H&N) cancers. However, its sensitivity to inter-fractional anatomical changes motivates online adaptations, where rapid and accurate Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation remains a major bottleneck. Low-stat...
Yuzhen Ding, Hongying Feng, Jianfeng Zhao et al.· 0 citations
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undermine and strengthen democratic governance. This paper introduces the AIRD/AIPD framework, a dual taxonomy and operational framework for analyzing AI's democratic risks and conditional contributions. The AI Risks to Democracy (AIRD) taxonomy identifies threats to autonomy, fairness,...
Oier Mentxaka, Natalia D\'iaz-Rodr\'iguez, Mark Coeckelbergh et al.· 0 citations
This work proposes a two stage detection framework that first identifies suspicious conversations using a tailored ensemble classification model and compares its modular approach against a Dual LLM baseline that performs detection and judgment using different language models.
Ali Şenol, Garima Agrawal, Huanmin Liu· arXiv.org· 4 citations