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artificial intelligence

19,710 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Stored Evidence Stops Being Usable: Scale-Conditioned Evaluation of Agent Memory

Memory-agent evaluations report fixed-snapshot accuracy or retrieval quality, but these scores do not show whether evidence remains usable as irrelevant sessions (sessions not annotated as task-relevant evidence for the query) accumulate. We present a scale-conditioned evaluation protocol for agent memory under evidenc...

Jiaqi Shao, Yiyi Lu, Yunzhen Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AEM: Adaptive Entropy Modulation for Multi-Turn Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) has substantially improved the ability of large language model (LLM) agents to interact with environments and solve multi-turn tasks. However, effective agentic RL remains challenging: sparse outcome-only rewards provide limited guidance for assigning credit to individual steps within long i...

Haotian Zhao, Songlin Zhou, Yuxin Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Training Transformers as a Universal Computer

We demonstrate that a small transformer can learn to execute programs in MicroPy, a simplified yet computationally universal programming language. Given procedure definitions together with an expression to evaluate, the transformer predicts small-step execution using PENCIL scaffolding for space-efficient execution wit...

Ruize Xu, Chenxiao Yang, Yanhong Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Exploration and Exploitation Errors Are Measurable for Language Model Agents

Language Model (LM) agents are increasingly used in complex decision-making tasks, from AI coding to physical AI, where they must both explore a search space and exploit acquired knowledge effectively. Although exploration and exploitation play different roles in decision-making, it remains challenging to systematicall...

Jaden Park, Jungtaek Kim, Jongwon Jeong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

An Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in NIH-Funded Research

Understanding the landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) adoption across the National Institutes of Health (NIH) portfolio is critical for research funding strategy, institutional planning, and health policy. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed research...

Navapat Nananukul, Mayank Kejriwal · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning to Model Optimization Problems from Solver Outcomes

Automating optimization modeling with LLMs is a promising path toward scalable decision intelligence, but existing approaches either rely on agentic pipelines built on closed-source LLMs with high inference latency or fine-tune smaller LLMs using costly process supervision that often overfits to a single solver API. We...

Runda Guan, Xiangqing Shen, Jiajun Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MuQ-Eval: An Open-Source Per-Sample Quality Metric for AI Music Generation Evaluation

Distributional metrics such as Fr\'echet Audio Distance cannot score individual music clips and correlate poorly with human judgments, while the only per-sample learned metric achieving high human correlation is closed-source. We introduce MUQ-EVAL, an open-source per-sample quality metric for AIgenerated music built b...

Di Zhu, Zihan Chen, Zixuan Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PRISM: Pushing the Frontier of Deep Think via Process Reward Model-Guided Inference

DEEPTHINK methods improve reasoning by generating, refining, and aggregating populations of candidate solutions, which enables strong performance on complex mathematical and scientific tasks. However, existing frameworks can still suffer from unreliable correctness signals during inference, which creates a population-...

Rituraj Sharma, Weiyuan Chen, Noah Provenzano et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RoSeViT: Role-Separated Vision Transformers for ARC Visual Reasoning

ARC tasks can be formulated as visual transformation problems, where a model must infer a high-level transformation rule from a small set of demonstrations and apply it consistently across a grid. While dense Vision Transformers (ViTs) perform well in this setting, they entangle local visual state and global transforma...

Zhiguang Liu, Yi Shang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Oct 2026

Sandwich Reasoning: An Answer-Reasoning-Answer Approach for Low-Latency Query Correction

Query correction is a critical entry point in modern search pipelines, demanding high accuracy strictly within real-time latency constraints. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves accuracy but incurs prohibitive latency for real-time query correction. A potential solution is to output an answer before reasoning to...

Chen Zhang, Kepu Zhang, Jiatong Zhang et al. · 0 citations

Pharos-ESG: A Framework for Multimodal Parsing, Contextual Narration, and Hierarchical Labeling of ESG Report

The proposed Pharos-ESG is a unified framework that transforms ESG reports into structured representations through multimodal parsing, contextual narration, and hierarchical labeling, and enriches its outputs with ESG, GRI, and sentiment labels, yielding annotations aligned with the analytical demands of financial rese...

Yan Chen, Yu Zou, Ji Zeng et al. · 1 citation

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