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computer vision

3,740 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Label Complexity of Useful Class-Conditional Prediction Sets under Distribution Shift

Prediction sets can make deployed classifiers safer by returning several plausible labels when a single prediction is uncertain. Their value depends on classwise reliability: average coverage can meet its target while rare or difficult classes fail repeatedly. This concern is sharper after distribution shift, when cali...

Weijia Han, Lisha Qu, Tianxin Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Flash-WAM: Modality-Aware Distillation for World Action Models

World-action models (WAMs) jointly generate future video and robot actions through iterative diffusion, achieving strong performance on manipulation benchmarks but requiring tens of denoising steps, a cost that precludes real-time control. Step distillation has emerged as the natural remedy, but off-the-shelf methods b...

Arman Akbari, Ci Zhang, Arash Akbari et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Sample-wise Targeted Adversarial Attacks on Test-time Adaptation

Test-time adaptation (TTA) mitigates distribution shifts by adapting models to unlabeled test inputs, but also exposes them to adversarial manipulation. Existing class-wise targeted attacks remain suboptimal for stealthy exploitation in this setting: since TTA operates on batches, forcing a subset of samples toward a t...

Phuc Duc Nguyen, Quang Duc Nguyen · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Resisting Adversarial Attacks in Deep Neural Networks using Diverse Decision Boundaries

The security of deep learning (DL) systems is an extremely important field of study as they are being deployed in several applications due to their ever-improving performance to solve challenging tasks. Despite overwhelming promises, the deep learning systems are vulnerable to crafted adversarial examples, which may be...

Manaar Alam, Shubhajit Datta, Debdeep Mukhopadhyay et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

RealtimeWAM: One-Step Asynchronous World Action Models

World Action Models (WAMs) incorporate visual representations from video generation backbones to guide action prediction. Recent efficient WAMs adopt Mixture-of-Transformers (MoT) architectures and compute video representations once for reuse by the action expert. However, intra-expert iteration (\ie, multi-step action...

Cheng-Tao Lv, Jin-Yang Du, Shu-Yi Feng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

NeuroCBIR: A Fast and Accurate Image Retrieval System for Whole-Brain and Region-Specific MRI

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) in neuroimaging enables the identification of structurally similar brain scans, supporting diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning; however, existing methods are often limited to small datasets, single brain regions, or coarse class labels, thereby restricting their clinical ut...

Félix Nieto-del-Amor, Jing-Ru Fu, J.-Sebastian Muehlboeck et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Environmental sensor readings in two crop disease image datasets identify the session in which each image was taken

Integrating environmental sensor data with leaf imagery is widely reported to boost crop disease classification accuracy. In this work, we reveal that these reported gains are often artifacts of dataset construction: because a single sensor reading is shared across many images collected in a single session (one farm on...

Sungwoo Kang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dual Variational Autoencoders for Efficient Sim-to-Real Transfer in Low-Cost Robotic Navigation

Vision-based autonomous navigation for low-cost robots remains a fundamental challenge, primarily due to the significant gap between simulated training environments and real-world operational conditions. Direct policy transfer from simulation is often ineffective, while training exclusively on real data is impractical....

\'Alvaro D\'iez (Department of Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, University of Alicante) et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Readout Blindness: VLM Scores Miss the Spatial Direction Their Frozen Encoders Retain

CLIP-like vision-language models remain a cornerstone of multimodal systems, yet their scores stay near chance on directed spatial relations, such as whether one object is left of another. We call this failure readout blindness and analyze, theoretically and empirically, why deployed scores miss the direction: when sco...

Guang-Yuan Li, Tian-Ming Du, Yan Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Fitting Vision Adapters at Frontier Scales

Training a small projector between a frozen vision encoder and language model is an established approach to multimodal learning. As the parameter count of language models scales dramatically, we revisit which vision capabilities this approach can add while keeping their pretrained weights fixed. Here we train a 50M par...

Jaehoon Lee, Harry B. Partridge, M. Jayasekara et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Poisoned Conversation: Privacy-Leaking Watermarks in Unified Multimodal Models

Multimodal models are increasingly shifting toward unified architectures that understand and generate text, images, and other modalities within a shared conversational context. This design enables fluid interaction across modalities, but it also changes the privacy threat model: Information revealed in one part of a co...

Tobias Braun, Jonas Henry Grebe, Emil Sivic et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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