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computer vision

3,740 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Unmentioned Checklist Findings Change How Reinforcement Learning Appears to Improve Chest Radiograph Report Checking

Automated checks of radiology reports may rely on AI-generated checklists that leave findings unmentioned. We used reinforcement learning to train a vision-language model to fill in a 12-finding checklist from a chest radiograph without seeing the sentence under test; a separate checking model judged the sentence from...

Ali Vosoughi, Akhil Kasturi, Chenliang Xu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

TIRMamba: A Thermal-Prior-Modulated State-Space Network for Sub-Million-Parameter Infrared Image Super-Resolution

Infrared image super-resolution is currently led by Mamba-based networks with 26 to 37 million parameters, which are difficult to deploy on the airborne and handheld platforms where thermal imaging is most needed. This paper presents TIRMamba, a network with 896K to 910K parameters for single-channel thermal imagery. A...

Chun-An Lin, Tsung-Jung Liu, Yen-Chieh Ouyang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

One Tile, Multiple Instances: Rethinking MIL for Sparse Diagnostic Evidence

In weakly supervised Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification, feature extractors typically compress each image tile into a single global embedding. Consequently, slide-level aggregators are restricted to this coarse tile scale, concealing fine-grained sub-tile evidence from the attention mechanism. We introduce DI-MIL,...

Run-Sheng Liu, Cheng Jin, Hao Jiang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

MOXIE: Discovering Alternative Explanations for Biomedical Image Classifiers

This work introduces MOXIE (Multi-Objective eXplanation Imaging Engine), an evolutionary framework that searches for segment subsets that preserve the classifier's confidence while keeping as little of the image as possible, and shows that alternative explanations provide a more complete view of a model's decision than...

Abiha Tahsin Chowdhury, Rahul Dubey · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

WASP: Weakly Aligned Spatiotemporal Pairs for Fetal Brain MRI-Ultrasound Learning

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely regarded as the optimal sensor for fetal brain analysis due to its superior soft-tissue contrast and anatomical detail. However, its high cost and operational burden make it invasive and difficult to obtain at scale. Ultrasound (US), in contrast, is cheap, safe, and routinely...

Francesco Correnti, Gabriele Magrini, Marco Mistretta et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Homogeneous Semantic Alignment and Hierarchical Expert Routing for Radiology Report Generation

Radiology report generation (RRG) aims to convert medical images into diagnostic texts to assist in clinical decision-making and alleviate the workload of physicians. Although existing methods have made extensive progress in cross-modal interaction and the incorporation of external priors, the distribution shift of und...

Er-Jian Zhang, Jia-Yuan Ma, Lie-Jun Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Where Does the Semantic Gain Come From? A Reproduction and Extension of Semantic Knowledge-driven Contrastive Learning for Long-Tailed Recognition

Semantic Knowledge-driven Contrastive Learning (SKCL) uses a language model to decide which classes are related, and pulls each image towards the prototypes of its semantic neighbours. On CIFAR-100-LT (beta = 100) it reports 54.02% top-1 accuracy, 2.01 points above Balanced Contrastive Learning (BCL), the method it bui...

Sushrut Ghimire · 0 citations
#machine learning Review Oct 2026

Scaling 3D Visual Grounding in Abdominal CT

Visual grounding models can enhance radiology workflows by linking report findings to image regions. This is particularly valuable for 3D CT, where findings often occupy a tiny fraction of the volume. Training 3D grounding models requires large sets of paired phrases and regions, and building such datasets is expensive...

Samuel Church, Danyal Maqbool, Joshua D. Warner et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Why Convolution Still Matters: Evaluating Inductive Biases in Cryospheric Image Classification

Recent advances in attention-based deep learning have motivated their adoption for remote sensing image classification; however, their benefits for cryospheric imagery, where surface states are dominated by fine-grained textures and class imbalance, remain unclear. In this work, we revisit a benchmark Greenland Ice She...

Chhaya Kulkarni, Emam Hossain · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Evaluating Zone-Guided Front Extraction for Glacier Calving-Front Delineation in SAR Imagery

Automatic calving-front delineation from synthetic aperture radar imagery is challenging because the front is a thin and often ambiguous boundary between glacier ice, ocean, and surrounding rock or terrain. The CAlving Fronts and where to Find thEm (CaFFe) dataset provides both binary calving-front masks and broader se...

Chhaya Kulkarni, Emam Hossain · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dynamic Quadtree Tokenization and Transformer for Adaptive Mesh PDE Forecasting

The quadratic attention cost of Vision Transformers (ViTs) forces a trade-off between spatial resolution and rollout horizon, particularly for fine-scale PDEs where shocks, reaction fronts, and material interfaces occupy small, evolving regions of the domain. Conventional neural surrogates also lack mechanisms to adapt...

Yilin Zhuang, Noah Zambrano, Karthik Duraisamy · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

SUAVE: Unified Video-Action Models via Masked Diffusion

A single SUAVE model predicts long-horizon video and acts as a policy, competitive with dedicated world models and specialized action policies on static and dynamic manipulation tasks and shows that masked diffusion is a practical and versatile foundation for unified video-action modeling.

Rhythm Syed, Jean-Pierre Mercat, Sedrick Scott Keh et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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