diffusion models

The Role of Geological Prior Information in Diffusion-Based Probabilistic Gravity Inversion

A scaling law for stagnant-lid convection with composite visco-elasto-plastic rheology: application to Europa's ice shell

Scaling laws relating the Nusselt number (Nu) and the Rayleigh number (Ra) are the standard tool for translating numerical models of convection into predictions of surface heat flux and the thicknesses of the stagnant lid and the rheological sublayer. Existing scaling frameworks for icy moons normalise this relationshi...

Understanding ChatGPT adoption among medical students: an integrated theoretical model of psychological barriers and individual factors

Background The growing adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly ChatGPT, has created new opportunities for medical education by supporting learning, problem-solving, and knowledge acquisition. However, evidence regarding the psychological and individual factors influencing ChatGPT adoption a...

Golden Angle Emerges from Auxin Fronts, Not Fibonacci Enumeration — E8 Intelligence Research

FINDING: The golden angle (≈137.507764°), derived from the golden ratio, is the optimal divergence angle for phyllotaxis, emerging from pushed pattern-forming fronts in auxin-based PDE models, not merely from Fibonacci enumeration. | MATH: Golden angle = 360° × (1 − 1/φ) = 360° × (2 − φ) = 360° × 0.381966… = 137.507764...

Seeing without reading: visual attention to flavour cues and pictorial health warnings in outdoor tobacco advertising

This study examines how flavour-cue visual elements in outdoor tobacco advertisements compete with pictorial health warnings (PHWs) for visual attention and how this attention relates to trial intention. We compare active smokers and non-smokers using laboratory-based eye tracking. The study combines gaze measures, tri...

Viral capsid-membrane interactions propel non-brownian movements of non-enveloped reoviruses during entry

Abstract Understanding how non-enveloped viruses breach host cell membranes is critical for developing strategies to block viral entry, a key step in infection. Despite extensive study, how viral capsids and host lipid membranes dynamically cooperate during membrane penetration remains poorly defined. Here, using reovi...

Numerical study and fast method for unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow, heat and mass transfer of the generalized Maxwell fluid in a vertical rectangular duct

Coupled magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer in electrically conducting viscoelastic fluids is relevant to magnetically controlled transport of polymeric liquids and electrolytes. Previous fractional MHD studies, however, have generally not combined two-dimensional duct confinement with independent memory d...

Stochastic exergy and entropy generation in heat-recovery channels under correlated wall heating

Abstract Industrial flue-gas waste-heat recovery is affected not only by the amount of recovered heat but also by the stability and thermodynamic quality of the recovered energy. In furnace operation, load variation, combustion fluctuation, flow redistribution, and wall fouling can generate spatially non-uniform and te...

Stochastic Rumor Propagation Dynamics with Log-Normal Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process

Considering the inevitable impact of environmental interference on rumor propagation, this paper constructs and studies a stochastic rumor propagation model in which the diffusion rate is described by the Log-normal Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process. Firstly, we rigorously prove the existence and uniqueness of global pos...

One spin per correlation volume: a conditional Simon inequality and the cost of reading a ferromagnet

How many spins of a ferromagnet must one observe to learn its magnetization? For the ferromagnetic Ising model in zero field on a finite graph we prove that, for every set U of observed sites and all sites x, y, E[ E[σ_x | σ_U] E[σ_y | σ_U] ] ≤ Σ_{u∈U} ⟨σ_x σ_u⟩⟨σ_u σ_y⟩. This extends Simon's correlation inequality fro...

A Comparative Review of Geometry-Aware Generative Panoramic Reconstruction in Dynamic Environments

Panoramic reconstruction has moved from estimating a single planar transformation between photographs toward learning flexible warps, recovering explicit 3D scene structure, and synthesizing content that no camera observed. This review traces that progression through three methods chosen because each represents a disti...

Rapid simulation of organ-scale oxygen transport for tissue ischemia prediction

A densely vascularized tissue can still be starved of oxygen. Tissue oxygenation depends heavily on vessel arrangement, blood flow distributions, and cellular metabolism. Resolving these effects from individual constituent vessels to whole organs has historically been computationally prohibitive. We introduce the Cardi...