diffusion models

SPDiff: a spectral-prior-guided diffusion model for infrared ship image super-resolution

Infrared ship image super-resolution remains challenging because infrared imagery often exhibits sparse texture cues, weak small-target boundaries, and background noise amplification, particularly under large upscaling factors. To address these issues, we propose SPDiff, a spectral-prior-guided residual diffusion model...

Multiscale Method for Estimating the Thermal Properties of Sandwich Materials Using Infrared Thermography

Characterizing the thermal properties of sandwich materials remains complex because it demands a method that can independently analyze both the thin and thick layers within the same sample. We propose combining flash and step thermography methods with analytical modeling based on the quadrupole method, which allows the...

Interdisciplinary modelling in support of people-centred transitions: Forecasting citizen adoption of rooftop PV systems under alternative sociopolitical future-world evolutions

Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are central to decentralised solar transitions in Europe, yet their diffusion depends on more than technical potential, technology costs, or the formal design of support schemes. As Member States move from guaranteed remuneration mechanisms towards more market-reflective compensation,...

A stable semi-Lagrangian scheme for a two- dimensional nonhydrostatic ocean model Application to convection-diffusion equations

Heat and mass transfer modeling and performance analysis of a multi-stage coaxial solar-magnetic hybrid distiller based on global energy balance

Dissipation of condensation latent heat constrains the energy utilization, and multi-stage latent heat recovery is a promising strategy to overcome the efficiency limitation of solar-driven interfacial evaporation. Here, we design and demonstrate a multi-stage coaxial solar-magnetothermal distiller (MSCSMD) employing a...

Graph-based embeddings of laminar cortical columns reveal interpretable microstructural patterns associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk

Brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk are associated with spatially heterogeneous alterations in cortical microstructure that may be obscured by region-averaged imaging measures. We present a graph-based framework for depth-resolved and interpretable modeling of cortical microstructure using diffusion MRI and q...

A 2D fluid-based model for individual cell crawling

Redox-Capacitive Coupled Electrosorption for Selective Copper Recovery from Industrial Wastewater Using GO/MIL-88A/AC Electrodes

Abstract Selective removal and recovery of Cu2+ ions from industrial effluent was accomplished by a new redox-accelerated capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode with a hierarchical graphene oxide/MIL-88A/activated carbon composite (GO/MIL-88A/AC). The optimal electrode (E4, 6 wt %) exhibits a well-balanced charge stor...

Microstructure‑Dependent Phase Transformations Under High‑Pressure Laser Heating in Additively Manufactured AlCrFe 2 Ni 2

Additive manufacturing (AM) produces microstructures the behavior of which under extreme conditions remains largely unexplored in chemically complex alloys. Here, we investigate the high‐pressure and high‐temperature response of an AM AlCrFe 2 Ni 2 alloy fabricated at two scan speeds: a high scan speed (900 mm/min), yi...

Modelling the formation of skin ulcers observed in Buruli ulcer disease

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. The mode of its transmission into the skin has not been fully clarified, but it is believed to involve mechanical transfer, perhaps by insect bites. M. ulcerans secretes a toxin called mycolactone which causes necros...

On a nonlinear evolution equation with spatially variable growth arising in multi-frame image super-resolution modeling

We study a nonlinear evolution equation with spatially variable growth arising from a regularized diffusion model for image restoration. The proposed model features a variable-exponent diffusion operator, allowing adaptive control of the diffusion intensity across the image domain, which enables effective noise suppres...

Quantifying the Subjective Experience in Human–Robot Interaction

Assessing the quality of interaction between collaborative robots (i.e., cobots) and humans to achieve a (shared) goal is an essential part of supporting the diffusion of usable and safe collaborative robotic systems. The key issue here is that cobots within and between domains can vary substantially in terms of featur...