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2,278 papers
Democracies function as complex systems of interdependent institutions. Their current global decline calls for a closer examination of their internal structures and information flows. This thesis investigates how information environments affect institutional and societal developments across three domains: legal transit...
This thesis studies stochastic models for epidemics, random graphs, and opinion dynamics on structured populations. It is based on two published articles and three unsubmitted manuscripts. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate stochastic SIR epidemics: one examines local vaccine mandates in a household model and their effects o...
There is growing evidence of cosmic-ray acceleration in massive stellar clusters. Furthermore, extended gamma-ray emission suggests that particle transport in the vicinity of their sources is influenced by physical processes markedly different from large-scale diffusion in the Milky Way. We characterize extended gamma-...
We study the diffusion and shear viscosity coefficients of hot isospin asymmetric strange hadronic matter. The effects due to the baryon density, isospin, strangeness, and temperature on the nucleons and hyperons are studied within a chiral SU(3) model. The medium modifications of the baryons arise due to interactions...
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The diffusion model, the state-of-the-art generative machine-learning architecture, has shown promising results in airfoil inverse designs. In this study, we implement and trained a series of diffusion models on three different airfoil geometry data encoding formats [principal component weights, ordered [Formula: see t...
Generalization in medical segmentation models is challenging due to limited annotated datasets and imaging variability. To address this, we propose Retinal Layout-Aware Diffusion (RLAD), a novel diffusion-based framework for generating controllable layout-aware images. RLAD conditions image generation on multiple key l...
Divergent brain connectivity is thought to underlie the behavioral and cognitive symptoms observed in many neurodevelopmental disorders. Quantifying divergence from neurotypical connectivity patterns offers a promising pathway to inform diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. While advanced neuroimaging techniques, su...
This study addresses the computational challenges inherent in valuing American lookback options within a regime-switching jump-diffusion (RSJD) framework. We first formulate the pricing problem as a system of coupled partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs) structured as linear complementarity problems (LCPs), ri...
Summary Conventional pressure-transient analysis (PTA) has historically relied on the assumption of reservoir homogeneity—a simplification rooted in the foundational work of Theis (1935) and Horner (1951). Although multilayer, double-porosity, and double-permeability models were later introduced to account for heteroge...
Abstract Halite precipitation caused by brine drying out can seriously damage near-well permeability and reduce injectivity during CO2 storage in deep subsurface brine formations. This research employs the integration of high-pressure decay tests with the compositional reactive transport modeling to examine the potenti...
Abstract Downhole temperature measurements provide valuable information that remains largely underexploited for reservoir characterization and surveillance, despite its potential to decisively impact incremental oil recovery early in field development. However, reservoir temperature is governed by complex interactions...
Abstract Mature oil reservoirs contain substantial residual oil after waterflooding, creating an opportunity to implement technology solutions to increase oil production. In a subsurface bioreaction, residual oil is converted to hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), creating a coupled mechanism of a bioreaction and f...
A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.
Learn how Google DeepMind and GovTech Singapore uses lightweight on-device Gemma models to intercept conversational scams in private chats with zero cloud data egress.
StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.
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