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17,191 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Decode Late, Multiply Once: Rethinking the Dot Product for Quantized Weights

Large neural networks are increasingly deployed with 1-4 bit weights and 16- or 32-bit activations, yet their dot products still use one multiplier per element. We show that a length-n dot product with k-bit weight codes can be computed with n+2^k additions and at most 2^k decodes and 2^k multiplications. Each weight c...

Jonathan Tapson · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Topological Equivalence of Spectral and Density Cluster Hierarchies

We compare two canonical ways to recover hierarchical clustering from an underlying density $f$: the \emph{density cluster tree} given by connected components of superlevel sets $\{f\ge\lambda\}$, and a \emph{spectral hierarchy} obtained by applying single linkage to diffusion distances induced by a Laplacian operator....

Sajjad Hashemian · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Scaling Transformer Energy-based Models For High Quality Image Synthesis

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) are a flexible class of generative models that decouple probabilistic modeling from the generation process. This decoupling directly enables compositional generation and inference-time scaling, where sample quality can be refined simply by increasing sampling steps. However, severe challenges...

Jungsoo Lee, Alexi Gladstone, Yilun Du · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Forecasting Associations, Not Interventions: A Preregistered Causal Audit of Covariate-Aware Time Series Foundation Models

Covariate-aware time series foundation models (TSFMs) accept a future path for a control variable and return a forecast, inviting what-if queries. The query is interventional; the models are trained on observational data. We determine whether their answers are the conditional slope $\partial E[Y|X]$ or the intervention...

Zong-Han Bai · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rewriting Scaling Laws for Synthetic Data with Compute and Data Constraints

Synthetic rewrites, where a language model rewrites a natural document e.g. into a target style, are now a standard ingredient of pretraining corpora. However, critical aspects of their use remain poorly understood, such as how much compute should be spent rewriting training data and whether a model trained on rewrites...

Nicholas Roberts, Ahmed Ahmed, Suhas Kotha et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Aligning Large Language Models with Human Feedback: Mathematical Foundations and Algorithm Design

This article provides an introduction to the mathematical foundations and algorithmic frameworks used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human intentions, preferences, and values. We discuss standard alignment techniques, such as fine-tuning (SFT), reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), and direct p...

Siliang Zeng, Luca Viano, Chenliang Li et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cautious Conflict-Free Inverse Gradient Methods

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are indispensable tools for modeling complex phenomena in physics and engineering. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful alternative to traditional numerical solvers by directly incorporating physical constraints into neural network loss functions. Des...

Damian Hattler, Qiang Liu, Nils Thuerey · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Speculative Diffusion is a Tale of Two Tradeoffs

Speculative decoding is a technique that accelerates the inference speed of autoregressive large language models (LLMs) by sampling from a faster, lower quality draft model. Traditionally, a fundamental characteristic of speculative decoding is that it is lossless with respect to the verifier distribution, guaranteeing...

Aaron Zorel, Guy Van den Broeck, Aditya Grover et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Nested Sparsity for Scalable Pretraining and Continual Learning

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) transformers, the standard backbone for modern large-scale deep learning, employ conditional computation: only a sparse subset of model weights is used in each forward pass. In MoE transformers, this sparsity arises in the MoE operator, which generalizes the multi-layer perceptron in the classi...

Tian-Zhe Chu, Druv Pai, Y. Ma · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

CuraLoc: Repository-Level Fault Localization via Planned Code Inspection

A bug report describes what went wrong, but rarely where the code should change. Existing repository-level localization methods often let language models iteratively decide what code to inspect next, requiring repeated model calls and substantial token usage. We investigate whether these inspection decisions can instea...

Sangeeta Warrier, A. Sankaran, Ryen W. White · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PaperScorer: How Predictable Is Paper Acceptance?

Automated research is largely evaluated by benchmark performance, but the value of research rarely reduces to a single score. Humans judge a work's holistic contribution through peer review, which is hard to model because it is noisy and depends on many factors. However, what if, given only the paper, we could predict...

Sachin Konan, Jonathan Liu, Zhuang Liu · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Not All Retained Clients Are Equal: Client Selection for Federated Unlearning

Federated unlearning (FU) aims to remove a designated target client's influence from a trained model without the prohibitive cost of retraining from scratch. Existing methods largely treat unlearning as a post-hoc, stateless operation, overlooking that client influence is path-dependent: contributions made during train...

Thanh Linh Nguyen, Quoc-Viet Pham · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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