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machine learning

18,068 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SafeAdapt-Poker: Counterfactual Risk Calibration for Budgeted Adaptation under Opponent Shift

Opponent histories can mislead after behavioral shifts. SafeAdapt-Poker formulates budgeted adaptation under opponent shift as a dual-counterfactual sequential-control problem using only information available before each decision. At each decision the controller asks two distinct questions: what local downside a deviat...

Miao-Bo Hu, Shu-Hao Hu, Xiao-Bo Guo et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

The COUNT: Counting N-grams Unlocks Scaling on Host Memory and Training-Free Adaptation

The scaling relationship of compute and performance for language models (LMs) has been extensively studied; more recently, models are being designed to scale memory use, as well. In particular, adding embeddings for n-grams scales memory separately from compute use, because each pass only processes individual embedding...

Ian Magnusson, Noah A. Smith, P. W. Koh · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

What Does Disagreement Mean? A Semantic Identifiability Frontier for Pairwise Preference Learning

A nonparametric latent semantic model with three querywise quantities, which proves an exact semantic fiber theorem and derives finite-sample estimators, nonasymptotic concentration bounds, and semantics-aware action-recovery guarantees, and validate the theory on theorem-matched synthetic data.

M. Saravanan, Rohit Kumar Salla, Shrikar Reddy Kota · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Posterior Frequencies and the Cost of Not Fitting: A Correction to a Memorization Lower Bound

Feldman's memorization lower bound assigns a frequency coefficient based on how often a point appears in the training sample. We give an exact three-point counterexample to its conditional and averaged forms, using independent fair labels and a permutation-equivariant learner. A sequence of sampling priors makes the ra...

Zhenisbek Assylbekov, Rustem Takhanov · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

HRTF Upsampling and Personalization via Neural Operators

Head-related transfer function (HRTF) spatial upsampling from sparse measurements is a fundamental challenge in personalized binaural audio. We formulate HRTF upsampling as an operator learning problem and introduce SPARO, a neural operator that maps sparse measurements at a set of spatial directions to the HRTF field,...

Meenakshi Krishnan, You Zhang, Ramani Duraiswami et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cortex: Consolidating Context into Parametric Memory

Context can improve large language model performance, but these gains may be lost after context removal. Inspired by biological systems consolidation, we formulate Memory Consolidation (MC) as internalizing these gains while preserving non-target capabilities, connecting context-specified editing, skill learning, and b...

Jintian Zhang, Feng He, Xinnian Liang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

FOLD: Position-Free Far Memory with Local Order for Long-Context Speculative Decoding

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM generation through lightweight drafting and parallel verification. It is particularly promising for long inputs, where KV-cache access costs can be amortized over multiple accepted tokens. Yet most drafters are trained on short sequences and degrade on long inputs, while long-contex...

Shu-Xuan Li, Jia-Liang Kang, Yang-Hao Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Hypothesis Selection via Weighted Medians

The running time improves the dependence on the failure probability from polynomial to logarithmic in the state-of-the-art bound $\tilde{O}(n\varepsilon^{-2}\delta^{-1})$ of Aamand, Aliakbarpour, Chen, and Silwal (COLT 2026), thereby answering their Question~2.

Liang-Yu Zou · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Lifted State Policy Optimization: Internalizing Self-Correction through Transition Geometry

LSPO is introduced, which establishes this finite, cost-adjusted transition as the primary unit of learning, and each textual answer is augmented with a learned continuous coordinate, forming a lifted state that an energy function evaluates and orders.

Ren Zhuang, Ben Wang, Shui-Fa Sun · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Efficient Test-Time Adaptation For Robot Policies

Reinforcement-learning policies for robot locomotion can fail at deployment when operating conditions shift (e.g., rough or slippery terrain, payload changes, sensing degradation), and retraining or manual recalibration is often infeasible under on-device latency and memory constraints. We study test-time adaptation (T...

M. Alfarra, Pietro Mazzaglia, Markus Peschl et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Extreme-Scale Super-Resolution of Homogeneous Turbulence from a Single Realization

Homogeneous turbulent flows exhibit recurring multiscale structures across spatially separated regions, suggesting that a single flow realization may contain sufficient information to learn representations of unresolved scales. We investigate this hypothesis through an extreme super-resolution framework in which a wide...

Arth Sojitra, Muhammad Abid, O. San · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MMLA-RSI: Recursive Self-Improvement through RTT and RTMA

An agent can improve its behavior within an unresolved problem by changing how it acts and which experience it retains. We propose MMLA-RSI, a recursive self-improvement scheme with two implementations in Memory-Mediated Learning Architecture: Reasoning-Time Training (RTT) changes the policy state $\Phi$, while Reasoni...

Junyi Zou, Avrova Donz · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

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