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18,068 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Minimax rates for pointwise CATE estimation: the role of design smoothness

We study the role of design smoothness in the minimax estimation of conditional average treatment effects at a fixed covariate point. For design densities bounded above and away from zero, without further regularity, we derive upper and lower risk bounds with an arbitrarily small gap in the convergence-rate exponent. U...

Yuxuan Hou, Zhenghan Li · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Autonomous Cyber Operations Gym for Training and Evaluating AI Models for Defence

This paper proposes an Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO) gym, a unified framework integrating high-fidelity network emulation, realistic user behaviour modelling for benign network traffic and adversarial profiles, and the generation of cybersecurity scenarios through open toolkits. By supporting live and deferred feat...

Tobias H\"urten, Johannes F. Loevenich, Florian Spelter et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Linear Last-Iterate Convergence Rates for Optimistic Learning in Harmonic Games

We prove that the last iterate of Optimistic Follow-The-Regularized-Leader (OFTRL) converges at a linear rate to a Nash equilibrium in multiplayer harmonic games. Our result holds under a mild game-regularity condition and for a large family of regularizers, including entropy, Tsallis, and log-barrier. Our analysis is...

John Lazarsfeld, Anas Barakat, Jacob D. Abernethy et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Understanding Circulant Permutation to Extend the CMinHash Estimator

CMinHash promises a new direction for designing MinHash algorithms with reduced variance and storage space via circulant permutations. However, the original variance analysis is difficult to extend to other MinHash estimators. We present a new approach that gives explicit and easily comparable approximate variance expr...

Keegan Kang, Avery Hood, Benedict H. W. Wong · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond the Encoder: Object-Centric Representations Emerging from Segmentation Foundation Models

Foundation models are increasingly used as feature extractors for downstream tasks with limited data, typically through representations obtained from their encoders. However, foundation models trained for structured tasks such as segmentation also form object-specific representations during task execution, whose transf...

Michalis Pistos, Bart{\l}omiej W. Papie\.z · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Towards Safe Autonomy for Computer Use

The safety of LLM-based agents currently rests on alignment training and safety classifiers, neither of which can rule out that a sophisticated indirect prompt injection (IPI) goes through and causes significant harm. Recent work therefore builds agents with information-flow guarantees that rely on structured tool inte...

Dominik Seip, Bartol Markovinović, Matthias Hein · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

How Low Can You Go: Fine-Tuning LLMs with Bayesian Optimization (LlMBO)

Recently, Morris et al. introduced TinyLoRA, a strategy for LLM fine-tuning which introduces arbitrarily few parameters, and demonstrated accuracy improvements using less than $10$ parameters rather than the ${\gtrsim 10,000}$ typically demanded by LoRA-based methods. However, that study continued to use gradient-based...

Aditya Kulkarni, Davide Sartor, Carlos J. Soto et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Steering the Fidelity in State Preparation on Noisy Bosonic Systems with Risk-Seeking Optimization

In order to execute quantum algorithms on bosonic quantum computers, it is necessary to encode their inputs into a desired target quantum state, with a process called state preparation. In real settings, state preparation methods operate in stochastic scenarios, where the prepared state is represented as a mixed state,...

Riccardo Piantoni, Riccardo Pellini, Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Lifting: Quantum State Discrimination Framework for Mid-Circuit Measurements

The theoretical analysis shows that retaining additional channels from a fixed joint distribution cannot increase Bayes risk and establishes sufficient conditions for contraction of an overlap-based upper bound, and experiments across three IBM processors evaluate the framework on repeated stabilizer measurement, parit...

Chi Zhang, N. Vora, Yi-Lun Xu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Simplifying and Improving On-Policy Distillation for Few-Step Diffusion

Few-step distillation reduces the sampling cost of diffusion and flow models, but existing approaches often require auxiliary score models or specialized architectures. We show that simple on-policy velocity regression already provides a strong foundation for 4-NFE generation. To represent teacher velocity variation wi...

Jia-Wei Zhang, Zi-Yu Wan, Nan-Ye Ma et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Kairos: Transactional Security Enforcement at the System Boundary for LLM Agents

Large language model (LLM) agents are becoming an integral part of the software development lifecycle, and the capabilities granted to them allow an agent to act with the user's authority on any resource it can access. The reach that gives an agent its utility is equally available to an attacker who can steer it. Anyth...

Kristoffer Hempel, Nils Loose, Lorenzo Cavallaro et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

FastEEP: Fast Intra-Instance Elastic Scaling for Expert-Parallel MoE Serving

Large-scale expert parallelism (EP) has become the standard deployment configuration for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models in production. Meanwhile, the highly dynamic nature of LLM workloads requires providers to continuously adjust serving capacity to match fluctuating demand. Scaling MoE serving cannot be efficiently...

Yun-Fei Feng, Jing-Kai He, Shi-Qi Liu et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

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