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natural language processing

1,413 papers

#computer vision Preprint Aug 2026

Trustworthy RAG: An Evaluation Agent for Detecting Misinformation and Knowledge Poisoning in Generative AI Systems

An Evaluation Agent, middleware that combines Natural Language Inference factual verification, a five-signal poison detector with relevance-weighted aggregation, and a Trust Index is proposed, which reliably blocks instruction injection of unsafe advice while contradiction and subtle semantic weakening remain hard.

Balkrishna Giri, M. Hasan, Jussi Rasku et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Demystifying Reinforcement Learning Post-Training of Language Models

This work deconstructs the RL post-training algorithm, investigating each step to clarify what is actually happening beneath the surface, and uses the entropy of the policy's output distribution as a lens to compare the distributions learned through pretraining, SFT, and RL post-training, revealing how each stage shapes model certainty.

D. Clay, Saket Gollapudi, Sankar V Harilal et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Jul 2026

MEMORA: Embodied Action Memory from Egocentric Videos for Reasoning and Planning

The overall results show that editable, consolidated memory can supply remembered context for robot planning, and full MEMORA--combining editing, typed stores, and consolidation--achieves the strongest aggregate results among the evaluated memory conditions.

Zihao Yu, Xiu Yuan, Chongjie Zhang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Semantic Overlays: Mitigating Prompt Injection with Annotations Beyond Tokens and Steering Vectors

This work introduces a general steering technique called Semantic Overlays: small learned adapters applied at chosen prefill positions to a frozen model's residual stream that defends against the broad class of prompt injections that add instructions in untrusted context.

Joshua Penman · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

Dual-Layer Agentic Memory with Fast Write Routing and Slow Consolidation

Dual-Layer Agentic Memory is proposed, a framework that shifts memory management to the write phase through cost-aware epistemic routing and periodic parametric consolidation, allowing the router to adaptively suppress redundant writes as the model's epistemic boundaries evolve.

Wenzhi Li, Dong Nie, Ruiyi Lan et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Jul 2026

SyRuP: Enhancing System-Prompt Following via Reward-Guided Prediction in LLM Decoding

SyRuP is introduced, a decoding-time framework for improving system-prompt adherence while keeping the base LM frozen, and results suggest that explicit token-level guidance is an effective and practical mechanism for reliable system-prompt following.

Seoyeon Kim, Minjae Kang, Jaehyung Kim · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Jul 2026

Bridging the English-Arabic Medical Knowledge Gap: Targeted Low-Rank Adaptation via Causal Layer Selection

It is shown that mechanistic diagnosis can serve as a practical guide for targeted adaptation in underrepresented-language medical LLMs, and Targeted Low-Rank Adaptation (TLoRA) is proposed, restricted to the layer window where cross-lingual representations diverge, upstream of the output layers where the failure manifests.

Chaimae Abouzahir, Musa Khan, Hala Ali-Hassan et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

FormalTCS: Benchmarking End-to-End Frontier Formal Theoretical Computer Science Research of Large Language Models

An automated TCS research framework that generates, formalizes, filters, and proves new claims, and further develops an automated TCS research framework that generates, formalizes, filters, and proves new claims.

Dingzirui Wang, Xuanliang Zhang, Keyan Xu et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Aug 2026

CodeAssay: A Multi-Metric Benchmark with Audited Ground Truth for LLM Code Generation

These findings show that reliable evaluation of LLM-generated code requires validated ground truth, protected tests, and multiple explicitly interpreted measures, and that CodeAssay provides a reproducible basis for evidence-based model evaluation in AI-augmented software development.

Shahbaz Siddeeq, Muhammad Waseem, Umar Subhan Malhi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Jul 2026

MemDefrag: Latent Memory Defragmentation for Large Language Models

MemDefrag, a training-free and model-agnostic framework that uses a middle-layer tracing signal to conduct memory defragmentation (rank, reorder, and filter memories), and applies an informativeness-guided proportional forgetting mechanism once capacity is exceeded, is proposed.

Ruiyi Yan, Zhuoyuan Mao, Yiwen Guo · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Aug 27, 2026

Looking beyond natural sequences

A new machine-learning framework aims to improve the success rate of computational protein design while moving away from results that reproduce sequences found in nature.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Aug 20, 2026

Paving the way for greener ammonia production

New MIT research could lead to better materials for a fossil-fuel-free process for making the chemical that's essential to fertilizer and other products.