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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Confidence-Calibrated Inference Expansion for Evaluator-Guided Test-Time Reasoning

Evaluator-guided reasoning presents a local control problem at every step: trust the current answer, return a fallback, or spend more inference. We formulate this choice as a compute-aware three-action controller, scoring terminal actions by predicted answer success and expansion by a rollout-based continuation-success...

Wei-Da Liang, Kenji Kawaguchi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

A Self-Improving Agent that Grows its Own DSL: Oracle-Free Operator Induction for Exact Question Answering

A self-improving agent has to decide which new skills to keep, and in practice it keeps whatever earns a high reward, convinces a judge model, or compresses its library, even when the skill is wrong. That is fine until the answers have to be exactly right: over a table of transactions, a total is either right or wrong....

Yun-Shiuan Chuang, Yi-Rou Ge, Yi-Xi Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Reasoning Traces Conflict with Evidence: How Answer Configuration Shapes Evidence Following

A reasoning trace retained at answer time plays two roles: it can raise accuracy, and it can compete with the current evidence when the two disagree. We disentangle these roles by crossing verified evidence versions with the traces generated from each and answering from the same traces and evidence under two configurat...

Shaoang Li, Yanhang Shi, Jian Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

ARIA: Runtime Inspection and Amendment for Multi-Agent Systems

The ARIA framework for MAS-agnostic runtime inspection and amendment is developed, designed to integrate with any MAS that exposes execution trajectories and supports continuation replacement, and a compact model is taught to recognize when intervention is needed and how to correct an ongoing run.

Bo-Lin Shen, Yu-Shun Dong · 0 citations

Misinformation Propagation in Benign Multi-Agent Systems

This work studies the benign case: agents follow one protocol, none intends to deceive, but some read a misleading passage, testing three open-weight models on commonsense reasoning, knowledge QA, and moral judgment, and concludes that robustness should be judged against exposure-matched baselines.

Jonas Becker, Jan Philip Wahle, T. Ruas et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Reusable Agent Subroutines from Experience

Existing methods induce various forms of knowledge from agent traces, from sample workflows to programmatic skills. We propose ARISE (Agent Routine Induction from Successful Experience), which identifies recurring procedures in agent traces and synthesizes them into a reusable library of agent subroutines. Across five...

Zhihan Lei, Jiarui Yan, Joshua Momo et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint May 2026

T2J-BENCH: Benchmarking Coding Agents on Execution-Grounded PyTorch-to-JAX Repository Migration

T2J-BENCH is introduced, a benchmark of 63 whole-repository PyTorch-to-JAX migration tasks spanning 18 model families across both training and serving, and TWINHARNESS, a reference-grounded agent harness that turns the agent's executable PyTorch source into legitimate self-verification feedback.

Tao Feng, Jie-Feng Chen, Lin-Xin Song et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Document-as-Image Representations Fall Short for Scientific Retrieval

Many recent document embedding models are trained on document-as-image representations, embedding rendered pages as images rather than the underlying source. Meanwhile, existing benchmarks for scientific document retrieval, such as ArXivQA and ViDoRe, treat documents as images of pages, implicitly favoring such represe...

Ghazal Khalighinejad, Raghuveer Thirukovalluru, Alexander H. Oh et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Omni-Embed-Audio: Leveraging Multimodal LLMs for Robust Audio-Text Retrieval

Audio-text retrieval systems based on Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining (CLAP) achieve strong performance on traditional benchmarks; however, these benchmarks rely on caption-style queries that differ substantially from real-world search behavior, limiting their assessment of practical retrieval robustness. We pre...

HaeJun Yoo, Yongseop Shin, Insung Lee et al. · 0 citations

Reward Design for Physical Reasoning in Vision-Language Models

It is found that external rewards drive most of the accuracy gains, while preserving more coherent reasoning when rewarded for reasoning tokens, while preserving more coherent reasoning when rewarded for reasoning tokens through internal attention rewards.

Derek Lilienthal, Manisha Mukherjee, Sameera Horawalavithana · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Terminal Agents Suffice for Enterprise Automation

There has been growing interest in building agents that can interact with digital platforms to execute meaningful enterprise tasks autonomously. Among the approaches explored are tool-augmented agents built on abstractions such as Model Context Protocol (MCP) and web agents that operate through graphical interfaces. Ye...

Patrice Bechard, Orlando Marquez Ayala, Emily Chen et al. · 0 citations

BenchPreS: A Benchmark for Context-Aware Personalized Preference Selectivity of Persistent-Memory LLMs

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly store user preferences in persistent memory to support personalization across interactions. However, in third-party communication settings governed by social and institutional norms, some user preferences may be inappropriate to apply. We introduce BenchPreS, which evaluates wh...

Sangyeon Yoon, SunKyoung Kim, Hyesoo Hong et al. · 8 citations · ⚡2

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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