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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ConRAG: Consensus-Driven Evidence Flow for Multi-Hop Question Answering

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on multi-hop question answering (QA), which requires reasoning over evidence from multiple documents. However, current multi-hop RAG approaches still struggle with evidence selection and information trans...

Yikai Zhu, Kunfeng Chen, Qihuang Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Reasoning Supervision Hurts: TTCW-Based Long-Form Literary Review Generation

Automatic evaluation of long-form literary writing remains challenging, particularly for creativity-related dimensions such as originality and flexibility. We address the lack of large-scale supervision for structured Torrance Test of Creative Writing (TTCW)-based evaluation by constructing a dataset of 263{,}911 long-...

Jinlong Liu, Mohammed Bahja, Mark Lee · 0 citations

On Challenges in Evaluation Methodology: A Review

This work conducts a scoping review spanning four decades and develops a taxonomy of 22 recurring concerns, finding that some concerns have become less visible in literature and many lack coverage in institutional checklists.

Ruchira Dhar, Qi-Wei Peng, Anders Søgaard · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ContextWeaver: Selective and Dependency-Structured Memory Construction for LLM Agents

Large language model (LLM) agents often struggle in long-context interactions. As the history grows, sliding windows and prompt compression may drop earlier information that later steps rely on. Retrieval-based memory systems surface relevant content but still overlook the causal and logical dependencies between steps....

Yating Wu, Yuhao Zhang, Sayan Ghosh et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Phantom Paradoxes: Language Models Treat Unresolved Circular Truth Dependence as Contradiction

Do language models struggle with self-reference itself, or with structures where propagating truth values along references cannot settle a value in finitely many steps? Our results support the latter. In our main test, statements refer to one another's truth in a cycle, yet exactly one consistent assignment exists. Loc...

Ji Ho Bae · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AdaptFuse: Training-Free Sequential Preference Inference via Externalized Bayesian Computation

Large language models (LLMs) struggle to accumulate evidence across multiple rounds of user interactions, failing to update their beliefs in a manner consistent with Bayesian inference. Existing solutions require fine-tuning on sensitive user interaction data, limiting their applicability in privacy-conscious settings....

Fangzhou Lin, Zilin Dai, Shuo Xing et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PLACID: Privacy-preserving Large language models for Acronym Clinical Inference and Disambiguation

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer transformative solutions across many domains, but healthcare integration is hindered by strict data privacy constraints. Clinical narratives are dense with ambiguous acronyms, misinterpretation these abbreviations can precipitate severe outcomes like life-threatening medication errors...

Manjushree B. Aithal, Ph. D., Alexander Kotz et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LoopRPT: Reinforcement Pre-Training for Looped Language Models

Looped language models (LoopLMs) perform iterative latent computation to refine internal representations, offering an alternative to explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, existing reinforcement learning (RL) paradigms primarily target output tokens, creating a structural mismatch with looped architectures...

Guo Tang, Shixin Jiang, Heng Chang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Geometric Alignment without Functional Equivalence: A Layer-wise Analysis of the Speech-Text Modality Gap

End-to-end speech large language models (LLMs) often answer the same question less accurately from speech than from text, even when the spoken content matches the text prompt. Existing analyses study this modality gap through the geometry of representations and measure how closely speech representations align with text...

Ming-Hao Hsu, Xiaohai Tian, Jun Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Language Steering for Multilingual In-Context Learning

If multilingual language model representations contain separable language-associated structure, then shifting between languages may require only simple activation-space interventions. To test this hypothesis, we study multilingual in-context learning (ICL) as a controlled setting: few-shot demonstrations are provided i...

Neeraja Kirtane, Kuan-Hao Huang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MasalBench: A Benchmark for Contextual and Cross-Cultural Understanding of Persian Proverbs in LLMs

In recent years, multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an inseparable part of daily life, making it crucial for them to master the rules of conversational language in order to communicate effectively with users. While previous work has evaluated LLMs' understanding of figurative language in high-resourc...

Ghazal Kalhor, Behnam Bahrak · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CALM-IT: Enhancing Synthetic Motivational Interviewing Dialogue Quality with Conversational Dynamics

Conversational dynamics describe how rapport, emotion, and goals change over a dialogue. These changes are important in therapeutic conversations, where they can influence when and how therapists intervene. However, large language model (LLM)-based synthetic therapeutic dialogue generators rarely track how these proper...

Viet Cuong Nguyen, Nhi Yen Nguyen, Kristin A. Candan et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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