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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

WorkBorne: Discovering Agentic Tasks from Real-World Artifact Transitions

Developing terminal-based agents for long-horizon execution demands synthetic tasks that tightly couple complex instructions with authentic, interactive environments. However, current automated synthesis suffers from a fundamental asymmetry: instruction-oriented methods fabricate low-fidelity, synthetic environments, w...

Junyi Zhou, Yufei Wang, Qiyuan Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

CUSE: Fine-Grained Multimodal Unlearning with Counterfactual Guidance and On-Policy Self-Distillation

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can reproduce sensitive, copyrighted, or unsafe information from their training data. Effective unlearning must remove target information while preserving non-target content, even within the same response. Existing methods typically apply uniform forgetting objectives to complet...

Chen-Lu Ding, Jian-Can Wu, Yan-Chen Luo et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How to Build a Benchmark That Actually Measures Taste

Expert-aligned "taste" benchmarks should reward craft judgment, not the ability to game the test. We introduce TasteBench, a pairwise good-vs-bad benchmark across visual, brand, book, and tech items under a frozen rubric with expert-only gold (panel n>=3; percent agreement >=0.60 primary gate; weak engagement labels tr...

Xiaofan Wu, Xi Zeng, Miaoxia Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Decoupling Knowledge Forgetting and Refusal Learning in MLLM Unlearning

Current evaluations of multimodal unlearning typically focus on whether a model stops outputting target information. This surface-level criterion, however, masks two critical failure modes. First, knowledge suppression techniques often induce confabulation, leading the model to hallucinate facts about the unlearned sub...

Hao-Dong Chen, Sheng-Tao Wen, Dong Liang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Which Metadata Matters for LLM Tool Selection in MCP? Evidence from Controlled Factor-Level Interventions

In Model Context Protocol (MCP) systems, LLMs select tools from metadata rather than from their implementations. Names and descriptions summarize what a tool does, while the parameter schema specifies the fields a tool accepts and how they are organized. Our analysis of metadata for 367,174 MCP tools reveals substantia...

Xiaofan Li, Fengchun Qiao, Xing Gao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Harness^2: Recursive Agent Harnessing for an Open World

LLM agents' capabilities depend not only on their underlying models but also on their execution harnesses. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) offers a promising approach to automatically evolve these harnesses. However, deploying RSI in open-world settings still faces two critical challenges. First, open-world tasks are...

Ruiyao Xu, Yanfei Chen, Zhongying CuiZhu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Unconstrained CTI-REALM with Open-Weights

Organisations that want language-model agents for security work face a choice between open-weight models, which they can run and audit themselves, and far more expensive closed frontier models. We study that choice on CTI-REALM (arXiv:2603.13517), a benchmark in which an agent turns a threat-intelligence report into a...

Sahil Garg, Ruhi Gottumukkala, Vishal Agarwal et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

ClawLoop: Self-Improving Agents via Harness-Native Training Loop

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven their deployment toward general-purpose harness environments, where LLM-based agents operate in sandbox workspaces and interact directly with file systems and shells. While numerous post-training pipelines exist for tool-use agents, their counterparts for...

Han-Si Yang, Lin-Ji Hao, Hong-Yan Hao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Artificiality's First Exam: An LLM-Referenced C-test for Supraintelligence

Under the accelerated pace of AI development, any benchmark whose difficulty is calibrated with humans or current AI systems becomes circular, or saturates soon. How can we then evaluate machines that may become more capable than the current machines and the people who write the tests? One answer to the question hinges...

José Hernández-Orallo · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking Entropy Allocation in LLM-based ASR: Understanding the Dynamics between Speech Encoders and LLMs

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into automatic speech recognition (ASR) has become a dominant paradigm. Although recent LLM-based ASR models have shown promising performance on public benchmarks, it remains challenging to balance recognition quality with latency and overhead, while hallucinations further limit...

Yuan Xie, Jiaqi Song, Guang Qiu et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

TokenSwap: Benchmarking and Reducing the Modality Gap in Multimodal LLMs

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) should exhibit cross-modal consistency, generating consistent responses given semantically equivalent inputs across modalities. However, we observe a systematic discrepancy in model predictions under such cross-modal variations. Specifically, we define the modality gap as the di...

Andong Hua, Colton Bishop, Igor Mordatch et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The syntax of wh-agreement in Yemeni Ibbi Arabic

This article tackles an important phenomenon in the syntax of Yemeni Ibbi Arabic (YIA), viz., wh-agreement, a phenomenon common to several languages including Greek, Indonesian, Lubukusu, Irish, etc. In YIA, wh-agreement manifests itself via agreement inflections on the Wh-Op, C, T/V, v. To account for this phenomenon,...

Ashraf Naji (Ibb University), Mohammed Q. Shormani (Ibb University) · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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