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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Surprisal Theory is Tautological (without Rational Grounding)

Surprisal theory holds that the human processing difficulty of a linguistic unit in context is an affine function of its surprisal under some language model. I argue this claim is a tautology without further constraint: for any non-negative difficulty measure over units in context, there exists a language model whose s...

Ryan Cotterell · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Progressive Disclosure for LLM-Maintained Wiki Knowledge Bases: a Preregistered Ablation

LLM agents now often answer questions from knowledge bases they help maintain. A common intuition says progressive disclosure should make this cheaper. Instead of loading one large index, the agent reads a compact catalog and one-line page summaries, then opens only the pages it needs. We tested that intuition in a pre...

Theodore O. Cochran · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Who Brought Easter Eggs to Eid? Auditing LLM-Generated Cultural Translation of Math Word Problems Across Languages and Regions

Large language models are increasingly used to adapt math word problems for personalized learning at scale, but it remains an open question whether those adaptations are consistent across models, preserve cultural diversity at scale, and reveal which cultural entities models treat as most salient. We analyze how Claude...

Parisa Suchdev, Juniper Lovato · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Captions: Context-Grounded Reconstruction for Biomedical Multimodal Continued Pretraining

Biomedical figures are explained not by captions alone but by body-text passages that discuss them. Yet current multimodal corpora typically reduce figures to isolated image-caption pairs, discarding this crucial context. Existing pipelines either omit this context or append it without enforcing the figure references t...

Guanghao Zhu, Zeyu Liu, Zhitian Hou et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Far Do Auto-Interpretation Labels Generalize: A Controlled Study Across Languages, Scripts, and Rewordings

Sparse autoencoder (SAE) features are increasingly used to interpret language models, with auto-generated natural-language labels serving as the primary interface for understanding what each feature represents. We ask whether these labels generalize: does a feature labeled for a concept actually track that concept acro...

Sripad Karne · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Rethinking Meeting Effectiveness: A Benchmark and Framework for Temporal Fine-grained Automatic Meeting Effectiveness Evaluation

Evaluating meeting effectiveness is crucial for improving organizational productivity. Current approaches rely on post-hoc surveys that yield a single coarse-grained score for an entire meeting. The reliance on manual assessment is inherently limited in scalability, cost, and reproducibility. Moreover, a single score f...

Yihang Li, Chenhui Chu · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Document Optimization for Black-Box Retrieval via Reinforcement Learning

Generative large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as inference-time components in retrieval pipelines, for tasks such as query rewriting and document reranking. However, these online approaches place costly autoregressive computation directly on the latency-critical retrieval path. We explore an alternative...

Omri Uzan, Ron Polonsky, Douwe Kiela et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

HealthcareNLP: where are we and what is next?

This tutorial focused on Healthcare Domain Applications of NLP, what we have achieved around HealthcareNLP, and the challenges that lie ahead for the future. Existing reviews in this domain either overlook some important tasks, such as synthetic data generation for addressing privacy concerns, or explainable clinical N...

Lifeng Han, Paul Rayson, Andrew Moore et al. · 0 citations

Sensitive-Topic Leakage Through LLM Routing Metadata: Measurement and Mitigation

LLM routers pick a cheap or expensive model per request by its content, and many gateways and some cloud platforms can log that choice with content logging off. We measure this privacy channel beyond token counts, accounting for noisy labels and repeated prompts. We run pre-registered studies on 1.7 million real reques...

Teng-Ruei Chen · 1 citation
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Inverting Multi-Vector Visual Document Indices

Prevailing multi-vector visual document retrievers store each page as about a thousand patch vectors, often in vector databases run by a third party. Since no one can read a page from its vectors, this index is easily treated as less sensitive than the page. However, because the index keeps one vector per patch in rast...

Zhuchenyang Liu, Yao Zhang, Yu Xiao · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Towards Explaining Query Expansion Performance in Information Retrieval

It is found that expanded queries that are closer to the ideal expanded query tend to achieve higher retrieval effectiveness and it is shown that the separability of relevant and non-relevant documents provides a complementary perspective for understanding QE performance.

Sourav Saha, A. Dutta, Soumajit Pramanik et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Mitigating Accent-Language Confusion in Self-Supervised Speech Representations for Language Identification

Spoken language identification (LID) aims to recognize the target language regardless of accent. In practice, however, LID models fine-tuned from self-supervised speech representations frequently confuse accents with languages, misclassifying non-native (L2) speech as the speaker's first language (L1). We show that non...

Minu Kim, Jih-Wan Lee, David R. Mortensen et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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