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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Benchmarking Embedding Geometries and Clustering Algorithms for Unsupervised Patent Claim Classification

Prior-art retrieval systems are structurally organized around classification codes, making cross-code discovery difficult. This paper asks if an unsupervised representation trained on patent text can recover relevant connections that code-restricted search cannot, and if hyperbolic space helps. We trained a hyperbolic...

Sujith Subramanian, P N Bhargav Teja, Susen Sarkar et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SmartSalesBench: A Resistance-Aware Multi-Turn Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Sales Agents

We present SmartSalesBench, the first multi-turn conversational benchmark explicitly designed to evaluate large language model (LLM) sales agents against psychologically grounded, resistant buyer personas. Existing task-oriented dialogue benchmarks assume cooperative users and measure task completion; SmartSalesBench i...

P. N. Bhargav Teja, Velpula Lokesh Reddy, Madhu Basumata et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

VEPA: Verified Evolving Formal Policy for Lifelong LLM Agent Guardrails

VEPA is introduced, a framework for the verified evolution of formal agent guardrails that represents the guardrail as a formal policy of executable symbolic rules over typed agent events and consistently outperforms baselines while expanding the scope of deterministic formal-policy enforcement.

Duy Nguyen, Lesly Miculicich, Bhavana Dalvi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SpireBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Strategic Play of Agentic Models with Slay the Spire

Agentic large language models now tackle complex tasks, yet strategic reasoning over long horizons is under-studied: most agentic benchmarks are short and episodic, and performance on long tasks is hard to dissect into stored knowledge, reasoning and luck. We introduce SpireBench, in which models play the complete comm...

S. Lowe, Sander W. Keemink · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

You Only Pass Once: Answering and Abstaining Together in a Single Forward Pass of a Frozen Language Model

A frozen language model on reasoning tasks has two coupled weaknesses: it under-uses evidence its own residual stream already encodes, and it fails to detect when the input is insufficient to answer, so it confabulates. This paper consolidates two research lines that address these on the same residual stream: a conditi...

Ziyang Luo, Zhong-Yao Chu, Xin-Jie He et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Black-Box Forensics for Conversational LLM Agents

As LLM-powered scams proliferate, black-box forensics for conversational LLM agents offers a path to accountability for systems hidden behind anonymous endpoints. Identifying the base model behind a chatbot endpoint (attribution), without model parameter access or knowledge of the hidden system prompt, would let invest...

Isadora White, Yasaman Jafari, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Formative Study of Brief Affective Text as a Complement to Wearable Sensing for Longitudinal Student Health Monitoring

Wearable devices capture physiological and behavioral data with increasing fidelity, but the psychological context shaping these outcomes is difficult to recover from sensor data alone, limiting the utility of passive sensing for digital health goals such as early detection of distress, personalized intervention, and t...

Tamunotonye Harry, Johanna Hidalgo, Matthew Price et al. · 0 citations

EvoRubric: Self-Evolving Rubric-Driven RL for Open-Ended Generation

EvoRubric is proposed, a co-evolutionary RL framework that combines criterion-validity feedback, response discrimination, and peer agreement to learn rubrics for open-ended generation and improves over matched static and external evolving-rubric baselines across five benchmarks in Medical, Writing, and Science.

Xin Guan, Xiaomeng Hu, Shen Huang et al. · 15 citations · ⚡5
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty-Aware Budget Allocation for Adaptive Test-Time Reasoning

Sampling multiple responses improves language model reasoning, but uniform compute allocation is inefficient because easy questions are over-sampled while hard questions remain under-explored. We propose \textbf{Uncertainty-Aware Budget Allocation (UAB)}, a concave integer optimization framework that reallocates a fixe...

Manh Nguyen, Sunil Gupta, Hung Le · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CiteVQA: Benchmarking Evidence Attribution for Trustworthy Document Intelligence

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly advanced document understanding, yet current Doc-VQA evaluations score only the final answer and leave the supporting evidence unchecked. This answer-only approach masks a critical failure mode: a model can land on the correct answer while grounding it in the...

Dongsheng Ma, Jiayu Li, Zhengren Wang et al. · 0 citations

SkillGraph: Skill-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Agents via Evolving Skill Graphs

SKILLGRAPH is a framework that represents reusable skills as nodes in a directed graph, with typed edges encoding prerequisite, enhancement, and co-occurrence relations, that achieves state-of-the-art performance against memory-augmented RL methods, with especially large gains on complex tasks that require composing mu...

Xiaoyuan Li, Mo-Xin Li, Ke-Qin Bao et al. · 15 citations · ⚡1
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Limited Stereotype Control Through Routing Reweighting in MoE Language Models

Demographic prompts are routed differently from neutral prompts in Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models, motivating tests of routing-level stereotype control. We introduce Fairness-Aware Routing Equilibrium (FARE), a diagnostic framework combining demographic routing profiles, empirical layer selection, and fixed i...

Junhyeok Lee, Han Jang, Kyu Sung Choi · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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