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natural language processing

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#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When KL Regularization Misfires in Group Policy Optimization

Why does removing reference-policy KL regularization sometimes improve group policy optimization? This motivates studying how reference-policy information should enter group-relative updates. We analyze seven potential failure modes in the interactions between KL and rewards: residual KL updates after reward clipping,...

Fei Ding · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

4-Tensor Attention Model for Semantic Physical Reality

We describe a 4-tensor attention model that predicts the next semantic state of a scene, for video generation and robot planning. A window of states has positions (x, t) and two fibers, a semantic fiber and a temporal-context fiber, and one softmax normalizes attention jointly over the window. Frames and an agent's sit...

Jongwook Kim, Sangheon Yun · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

From a Prompt to Repertoires: Evolving Functional REpertoires Enable LLM Continual Learning

Continual learning remains challenging for large language models, which must enable models to acquire new skills and knowledge without degrading existing capabilities. Existing approaches typically address this challenge by carefully designing how model parameters are updated. In contrast, prompt optimization avoids co...

Fengyuan Liu, Yue Wang, Hang-Xi Guo et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Why On-Policy Distillation Sometimes Fails: Vanishing Learning Signals

A local recovery guarantee for teachers sufficiently close to the initial student in a shared parameterization under regularity conditions is proved, offering a conditional explanation for the success of self-RL teachers in the authors' experiments.

Lei Zhao, Qi-Chao Zhao, Bo-Wen Zuo et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Read What Matters: Query-Adaptive Quantization for KV Caches

KV-cache entries are stored before their future queries are known, but each decoding query needs precision in different places. We study this mismatch using separate budgets for retained bits and bits fetched per query. ReadKV stores each key and value in a progressive code whose prefixes support different reconstructi...

Siddharth Bhandari, Lucas Gretta, K. Balasubramanian et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

The Lattice of Transition Laws

Diffusion and autoregression (AR) have long been seen as different categories of generative models, with diffusion specialising in continuous fields and AR specialising in discrete tokens. Recent work seeks to combine the advantages of the two models, and each hybrid fixes its decoding schedule by design. In this paper...

Tin-Yan Tsui, Jia-Tao Gu, Ling-Jie Liu · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Bridging KV-Cache Quantization and Linear Attention: From Theory to Pretrained Weight Migration

KV-cache quantization and linear attention are two representative approaches to tackling the storage and computational costs of Transformers. KV-cache quantization compresses individual KV entries into discrete codes but retains all entries, whereas linear attention recurrently aggregates multiple historical KV contrib...

Kai-Cheng Xiao, Li-Ran Dong, Hao-Tian Li et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Do LLMs Learn from Rewards in Context? : Rethinking the role of reward in In-Context RL

LLM agents increasingly improve at inference time by accumulating experience in context rather than by updating parameters. This process is often described as in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL). Whether in-context learning (ICL) can actually play the role of RL, however, has not been tested. We study this questio...

Minchan Kwon, Seunghee Koh, Sunghyun Baek et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Measuring and Mitigating Solution Mode Collapse in RLVR

A language model (LM) can usually answer the same question in more than one way, but reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is indifferent to which correct answer a model produces. A solution will earn the same reward whether it is the thousandth copy of a familiar answer or one the model has never produ...

Liv G. d'Aliberti, Marwa Abdulhai, Sofiia Druchyna et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Language Models for Page-Level Layout Decisions in E-commerce Search

E-commerce search pages are critical touchpoints for millions of online shoppers. While traditional search engines return a ranked list of results, modern E-commerce search pages increasingly incorporate recommender system modules -- for example, secondary stacks that surface alternative product groupings at specific p...

Varun Joshi, Eva C. Song, Cheng-Xiang Zhai · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Recurrent Self-Improvement: Dynamic Cross-Loop On-Policy Distillation for Looped Language Models

Looped Language Models (LoopLMs) offer a parameter efficient approach to scaling reasoning by reusing shared parameters across recurrent computation steps. Despite their promise, effective post-training of LoopLMs remains challenging. Existing approaches either provide reward based supervision that is sparse or costly...

Yi Wang, Rui Qian, Yu Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What Transfers from Text to Vision? Capability Scaling Laws and Transfer Dynamics for VLMs

Choosing the right large language model (LLM) backbone is the most consequential decision when building a vision-language model (VLM), yet it remains fundamentally unprincipled: compute-based scaling laws fail to generalize across model families, and no framework exists for directly predicting VLM performance before tr...

Ziran Li, Qiang Wang, Zhengyu Chen et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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