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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Structuring MoE Expert Selection for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Long-horizon LLM agents are frequently implemented using sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) models, yet the co-design of agentic behavior and MoE structures remains underexplored. In this work, we comprehensively study the connections between agentic post-training and MoE expert selection. In off-the-shelf MoE models, we...

Bo-Lian Li, Ting-Yao Hu, Cheng-Yu Hsieh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Minimal Witness Reinforcement Learning

``What are the irreducible conditions that are sufficient to produce an outcome?'' is one of the most common questions that recur across computation and science. Its answers, the minimal sufficient witnesses, are what we mean by explanations, mechanisms and reasons. These problems usually ask for multiple minimal witne...

T. Y. Tsui, Zihao Ye, Pengxiang Cai et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Scientific Exploration from Human Research Decision Trajectories

A key challenge in building AI systems for scientific research is enabling $\textit{scientific exploration}$: the systematic process of investigating unknown phenomena or ideas to gain new knowledge through sequences of research decisions and actions. Yet this process is largely missing from existing scientific corpora...

Xuchen Gong, Shane Gu, Haokun Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

CLM-as-a-Judge: Evaluating an Open Contrastive Decision Model on Public Judge Benchmarks

An open contrastive decision model is near chance as a judge on the hard public benchmarks: Contrastive-LM/CLM-v0.1-8B scores between 0.351 (best- of-four, chance 0.250) and 0.593 (pairwise, chance 0.500), is statistically indistinguishable from coin flipping on RM-Bench and JudgeBench, and answers every HaluEval item...

Gowthamkumar Nandakishore · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

A theory of platonic representations in language models

Representations of translated sentences are similar in the inner layers of multilingual language models -- an observation connected to the platonic representation hypothesis, yet unexplained theoretically. We provide an explanation based on the assumption that data have a hidden hierarchical structure whose abstract le...

Darshil Doshi, Wen-Jie Zhou, C. Wegner et al. · 1 citation · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Learning to Simulate Individuals from Macro Social Signals

This work proposes to learn behavioral reasoning from prediction markets, whose price trajectories record how populations respond to real-world events at scale, and introduces macro2mind, which trains a language model with GRPO using market signals.

Yi-Ning Zhao, Bu-Shi Liu, Hao-Fei Yu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Mask-Guided KV Cache Eviction in Block Diffusion Language Models

Block diffusion language models keep a large key-value (KV) cache throughout generation and attend to it at every denoising step, limiting both memory capacity and generation speed. Reducing these costs requires deciding which past tokens to use for denoising the current block (selection) and which to keep in memory fo...

G. Molodtsov, Ekaterina Alimaskina, Е. И. Усков et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Does External Guidance Help LLM Reasoning? A Bias-Variance Theory of Guidance-Augmented GRPO

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become the dominant paradigm for eliciting multi-step reasoning in large language models, and a recent wave of methods (LUFFY, ExPO, PAPO, TAPO) further augments RL with \emph{external guidance} - expert traces, self-explanations, or retrieved thought patterns....

Sofia Torres, Gabriel Almeida, Carter Adams et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MaDI-Bench: An End-to-End Data Integration Benchmark

Data integration is the process of combining data from multiple, heterogeneous sources into a consistent, unified representation. Data integration involves a sequence of interdependent tasks including schema matching, value normalization, blocking, entity matching, and data fusion. Existing table-based benchmarks eithe...

Aaron Steiner, Ralph Peeters, Christian Bizer · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Linking Scalar-Intensity Language to Structural Polarization with Validated Signed-Network Measures

Polarization in online communities is often studied through either language or interaction structure, but the two views are rarely connected within a unified framework. Prior work has linked them by constructing interaction graphs from human judgements of agreement and disagreement, leaving a gap between language as ob...

Zhijin Guo, Li Zhang, Tyler Bonnet et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Precise Debugging Benchmark: Is Your Model Debugging or Regenerating?

Unlike code completion, debugging requires localizing faults and applying targeted edits. We observe that frontier LLMs often regenerate correct but over-edited solutions during debugging. To evaluate how far LLMs are from precise debugging, we introduce the Precise Debugging Benchmark (PDB) framework, which automatica...

Miaosen Chai, Wang Bill Zhu, Shangshang Wang et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

EvoDesign: Agentic Editable Diagram Creation via Design Expertise Evolution

High-fidelity diagram creation requires the complex orchestration of semantic topology, visual styling, and spatial layout, posing a significant challenge for automated systems. Existing methods also suffer from a representation gap: pixel-based models often lack precise control, while code-based synthesis limits intui...

Tianfu Wang, Leilei Ding, Ziyang Tao et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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