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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

GlitchPatch: Repairing Glitch Tokens in Frozen Language Models via Local Retokenization

Glitch tokens are anomalous vocabulary entries that can cause large language models (LLMs) to produce outputs inconsistent with their inputs. Existing repair methods require access to model internals, making them impractical for frozen checkpoints. We investigate whether glitch tokens can be repaired outside the model...

Kun-Sheng Tang, Pei-Gui Qi, Yi-De Song et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Questioning the Questions: Sustaining Self-Evolution in Reasoning Models

Self-evolving reasoning models learn from their own generated questions, yet repeated self-training can lead to performance collapse. In this paper, we investigate why performance deteriorates over successive rounds and how to sustain self-evolution. Our analysis identifies two recurring quality problems in self-genera...

Jin-Yuan Li, Chengsong Huang, Lang-Lin Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

First-Order Steering: Translating Weight Adaptation into Activation Steering

This work introduces First-Order Steering, a formulation of activation steering as a first-order approximation of weight update matrices parameterized by a vector of steering strengths, and develops a novel model merging procedure, HeRD-Merging, which minimizes the first-order approximation error terms to enable higher...

Sri Pranav Kunda, Alexander Kurz, T. Dominik et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Rethinking Self-Distillation for Multi-Teacher Capability Merging

Combining capabilities of multiple expert models trained starting from the same base checkpoint has become increasingly common in frontier language-model post-training. Recent trends suggest that multi-teacher on-policy distillation (MOPD) outperforms conventional off-policy methods. However, despite the higher inferen...

Roy Xie, Dan Friedman, Feng Nan et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AI-Enabled Quality Assurance for Multiple-Choice Assessment Items

Generating multiple-choice questions is increasingly scalable, but establishing their assessment quality remains difficult. We present a focused narrative review of automated item-writing flaw detection, revision, psychometric screening, and NLP benchmark auditing. Database searches, citation retrieval, and nominated s...

Steven Moore, Nicholas Diana · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Playing social deduction games with reinforcement fine-tuned large language models

Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) is increasingly used in applications where large language models (LLMs) interact with humans and other agents. Here we use social deduction games to study how RFT changes LLMs'social behaviour. We let fine-tuned and base LLM agents play hidden-role games that require hidden-state inferen...

Ling-Zhe Zhang, Yun-Peng Zhai, Tong Jia et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Trajectory-Derived Confidence for Reliable, Resource-Aware Clinical Text-to-SQL Agents

LLM agents for clinical text-to-SQL applications reason autonomously over multiple steps but cannot assess whether their own reasoning or outputs can be trusted. In high leverage applications such as healthcare, this presents a critical risk where system mistakes can be costly. These reliability failures are also resou...

Min-Sang Song, Joshua Ward, Jake Jung et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PB-GRPO: Learning Socially Adaptive LLM Agents from Persona-Driven Simulation with Preference-Batched GRPO

Building LLMs that behave well socially, not merely correctly, requires Building LLMs that behave well socially, not merely correctly, requires more than producing locally helpful responses. A socially competent agent must infer users' unstated goals, respect their preferences, and adapt as the conversation unfolds. Th...

Jingquan Wang, Jun Yin, Xu Han et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

Representational Control over Self-Report&Behavior Coherence in LLM Risk-Taking

Self-report is an appealing low-cost probe of an LLM's dispositions, but recent work finds only selective agreement between what models report and how they behave. Prior accounts establish these patterns by prompting black-box LLMs, leaving open whether the gap is a prompting artefact or a fact about how the underlying...

R. Kocielnik, Pei-Yang Song, Peng-Rui Han et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SEER: Self-Evolving Event Reasoning and Retrieval for Time Series Forecasting

This work proposes SEER (Self-Evolving Event Reasoning and Retrieval), a closed-loop framework that dynamically optimizes event conditioning for time series forecasting and consistently outperforms state-of-the-art time series foundation models and language model baselines.

Ming-Tian Tan, Palash Goyal, Mihir Parmar et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Slaying the Hydra: Interaction-Aware Circuit Discovery in Language Models

Localizing behavior to individual components of a language model is a central goal of mechanistic interpretability. However, scoring components one at a time misses context-dependent effects: a primary component can inhibit the activation of a backup, leading to issues with ranking components. Actual causality studies...

Sankaran Vaidyanathan, R. Urbaniak, Emily Bunnapradist et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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