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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Prevented is Not Protected: What Attack Success Rate Hides about RAG

Aligned RAG Evaluation is introduced, a matched-query protocol that jointly examines clean and poisoned responses, with and without defense, and exposes critical blind spots in ASR-based evaluation and motivates a more comprehensive assessment of RAG poisoning defenses.

Chahana Dahal, Zuo-Bin Xiong · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Agentic Systems for Calibrating Cosmological Simulations

Calibrating a cosmological simulation is an expensive, high-dimensional parameter optimization task. Previous works employ Bayesian optimization for automation, which treats the simulator as a black box and precludes the incorporation of human domain knowledge or workflow into the selection policy. We propose AgenticTu...

Chaipat Tirapongprasert, M. Ho · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Flide: Accelerating Decision Inference with Exact State Forking

Decision models such as Jev have emerged as a highly promising paradigm for LLM agent systems, providing lightweight and reliable categorical reasoning for rapid System One execution. However, existing generation-oriented inference engines fail to support these workloads effectively, suffering from severe prefix recomp...

Bobo Li, Jiajia Song, Hao Fei et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

DecisionRank: On-Policy Distillation for Decision-Model Rerankers

Decision models target structured tasks by directly predicting choices or scores, avoiding autoregressive decoding latency. However, transferring a generative LLM's ranking knowledge to a decision model remains challenging: the teacher expresses preferences through a ranked list of document ID sequences, while the stud...

Yanran Wu, Dian Yu, Chongyang Bai et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

RangeSWA: Training-Free Length Extrapolation for Continuous Diffusion Language Models

Continuous diffusion language models show promising potential in text generation tasks, but are prone to problems such as text repetition, semantic drift, and generation quality degradation when the generation length exceeds the training length. To address these challenges, we propose RangeSWA, a training-free length e...

Guangfu Guo, Xiaoqian Lu, Linsey Pang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

PersonaChatBench: Evaluating Chat Assistants with Diverse Simulated Users

PersonaChatBench is introduced, a framework for evaluating task competence and responsiveness to diverse user needs that provides a basis for evaluating consistency across users and guiding the development of assistants that better accommodate diverse needs in everyday applications.

Zhe-Yuan Deng, Tao-Ran Li, Jing-Wen Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Asynchronous Flow Map Language Models

Asynchronous flow map language models (aFMLMs), which incorporate prediction order into one-step modeling by learning the flow maps of asynchronous flows, are introduced, which can generate all tokens in a single forward pass by internalizing the ordering encoded in the flow into their hidden computations.

Chanhyuk Lee, Wonjung Kim, Patrick Pynadath et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

TurnTurk-GPT: Text-Based Turn-Taking Prediction for Turkish

TurnTurk-GPT outperforms the multilingual detector under both recording-disjoint and speaker-disjoint evaluation, and its gain over a zero-shot Turkish language model is largest for speakers seen in training, while on unseen speakers it matches this strong baseline.

Ahmet Tugrul Bayrak, Fatma Nur Korkmaz, Nur Yağmur Tuncer et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Iterated Integrals as Lexical Fingerprints: Path Signature Embeddings for Lexical Similarity

While sentence embeddings are primarily designed for semantic generalization, their latent geometry implicitly encodes surface-level lexical properties, a relationship that remains poorly understood. Shallow pooling methods discard word order, while deep Transformer models obscure these lexical alignments behind comput...

Raj Shekhar Singh, Pratham Agarwal · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Stepwise-Querying: Distilling Reasoning without Access to Teacher Chain-of-Thought

This work proposes Stepwise Querying, which elicits step-specific explanations without requiring access to the teacher's internal chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, and introduces Stepwise Explanation Information Gain (SEIG), a diagnostic based on the log-ratio of a frozen student's probabilities of correct step completion...

Di-Cong Yu, Wen-Hua Wang, Tian Wang · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

GraphNIAH: A Benchmark for Long-Context Reasoning over Real-World Graphs

The needle-in-a-haystack (NIAH) benchmark was introduced as a test for measuring a model's ability to find small relevant facts within a very large body of input text. However, existing NIAH benchmarks each suffer from one or more of the following limitations: (1) reliance on synthetic data, so their evaluations may no...

Minh-Nam Tran, Abulhair Saparov · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Nov 2026

Precision--Recall Trade-off on the Inference Level for LLMs in Grammatical Error Correction

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been adopted for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), achieving strong performance via both full fine-tuning and prompt-based approaches. As probabilistic sequence models, LLMs expose inference-time parameters that directly modify token generation behavior; however, their poten...

Ryszard Staruch, Filip Grali\'nski · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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