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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Which LLM to pick? Online Active Model Selection for Large Language Models

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to process streaming data, with practitioners relying on benchmarks to select the best model even though these signals only approximate real performance. While oracle annotations can provide reliable feedback, they are often costly and difficult to obtain at scale....

Alessandro Turrin, Patrik Okanovic, Torsten Hoefler et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

AURAL: Adaptive Latent Reasoning with Joint Chunk for Speech Language Models

Model intelligence and fast response jointly shape the quality of interaction with speech language models, yet remain difficult to achieve together. Explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) improves reasoning and audio understanding, but generating intermediate reasoning tokens delays responses. Describing fine-grained acoustic...

Yu-Xiang Wang, Kun-Yu Feng, Yuan-Cheng Wang et al. · 4 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Sentence Specificity Scores for Collaborative Technical Documentation: A Domain-Transfer Study

Collaboration depends on shared context, and technical documentation is one way that context persists across people and AI teammates. Specificity, the amount and exactness of detail expressed in language, shapes what information documentation captures and how precisely that information is communicated. This work audits...

Rocker D'Antonio, Thomas Benton Townsend, D. Manias · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

RPTune: Learned Context Curation for LLM Catalog Search

RPTune is proposed, an end-to-end framework that couples learned catalog curation with LLM post-training using automatically generated, catalog-grounded supervision, and consistently improves search accuracy across both proprietary and open-weight LLMs.

Chu-Xuan Hu, He-Jie Cui, Norman Huang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Reason in Style: Discovering and Controlling Style in Language Models

An algorithm is designed that learns to separate representations of content and style from language models' outputs and validate its effectiveness on math questions in a controlled setting, finding that style affects correctness: the probability of solving a problem depends on the style the authors condition on, and di...

Ioana Marinescu, E. Oermann, Kyunghyun Cho · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

CAST: Cost-Aware Speculative Trees from One-Pass Block Drafters

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by drafting future tokens cheaply and verifying them with the target model in parallel. Block drafters score a whole block of future tokens in one forward pass, yet standard decoding verifies only the top-scoring chain and discards the other candidates. Be...

Jungseob Lee, Sugyeong Eo · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Refusal Localizes, the Damage Relocates: Safety Layers Under Few-Sample Fine-Tuning

Fine-tuning adapts aligned large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but a few dozen harmful examples can remove their refusal of harmful requests. Prior work localizes safety-related behavior to specific layers, directions, and tokens, suggesting targets for protection. We test whether successful localization...

Jungseob Lee, D. Lee, Sugyeong Eo et al. · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

System Attribution in LLM Brand Recommendations: Single Responses Identify the System, Aggregated Brand Profiles Do Not Transfer

Audits of AI visibility summarise the brand recommendations of deployed language models into per-system profiles. We test whether such a profile describes the system on one corpus of 6,475 stored responses (6,324 analysable) collected between December 2025 and February 2026 from five deployed endpoints across gift-reco...

Dmitrij Żatuchin · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

When a Data Artifact Isn't a Shortcut: Causal Auditing of Synthetic RLVR Corpora

Several recent pipelines build RLVR training data by masking a span of real corpus text and asking a language model to invent plausible wrong answers around it. The correct option is therefore genuine human prose; every distractor is synthetic. Correctness and provenance become entangled, and a policy could in principl...

Esther Xin · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Evasion Attacks: How Adversarial Noise Bypasses ML Classifiers

This paper presents a reproducible, educational study of evasion attacks in image classification and text classification. A compact convolutional network trained on MNIST reached 98.63% clean test accuracy and was evaluated under two white-box attacks. Under FGSM, accuracy fell to 60.20% at $\epsilon$ = 0.15 and 1.72%...

Parker Hummel, Ryne Skabo, Muhammad Abusaqer · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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