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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LoopVL: Recurrent Visual Intelligence

We introduce LoopVL to study whether Loop Transformers can be effectively extended to vision- language models. LoopVL combines Module-Loop and Model-Loop computation to iteratively update a unified vision-language state through shared modules. We train LoopVL from scratch through language pre-training, multimodal train...

Zhe Qian, Ziyang Gong, Zhongxing Xu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

The Geometry of Harmfulness in Multi-Turn Attacks

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that circumvent safety alignment to elicit harmful outputs. It remains unclear how harmfulness and refusal representations evolve over the course of multi-turn attacks, and why single-turn defenses are less effective in multi-turn settings. This work...

Yelyzaveta Husieva, Lauren Alvarez · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

TALK-Dem: Benchmarking Embodied Task Planning under Dementia-Associated Communication Patterns

Existing LLM-driven robot task planners rely on a taken-for-granted assumption of an ideal user whose instructions are clear, complete, and task-focused. However, when interacting with real-world users, especially those experiencing cognitive impairments, such as people living with dementia (PLWD), the planners often m...

Guang-Sheng Zhao, Yi-Ran Hu, Yuan Cao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Multi-agent discussion gains less when dissent is withheld

Multi-agent systems of LLMs add discussion to majority voting and are therefore expected to be more capable. However, empirical reports conflict on whether discussion improves accuracy or leads to an incorrect consensus. Here, we introduce a parsimonious model that explains when discussion improves accuracy and when it...

Chand Sahil Mansuri, Xin Wang, Meng-Ying Li et al. · 1 citation

HARDE: Optimizing Agent Harnesses for Runtime Risk Detection and Execution Control

Large language model (LLM) agents are vulnerable to safety risks such as injected malicious instructions or misleading information, motivating runtime defenses that prevent unsafe action in execution across diverse risks while preserving benign-task utility. Existing system-level defenses either focus on risk detection...

Zhuo Liu, Mo-Xin Li, Zhi-Xin Ma et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

When Does a Spoken Agent Have Enough Evidence to Act? The PACT-SLM Contract Test

Streaming spoken agents may produce the correct final action after acting too early. Final-turn scores do not reveal whether each observed speech prefix supports an exposed action. We introduce the Partial Speech Action Contract for Turn Taking in Speech Language Models (PACT-SLM), a controlled test that assigns the fi...

Meng-Zhe Geng · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

EvoDuet: Bilevel Co-Evolution of Web Searching and Task Solving for Scientific Discovery

Evolutionary search with large language models (LLMs) can stall when progress requires external knowledge the model lacks. Supplying relevant documents helps, but simply adding web search tool can keep returning the same pages as solutions change. We introduce EvoDuet, a bi-level optimization method that co-evolves sol...

Young-Jun Lee, Jinheon Baek, Soyeong Jeong et al. · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Provably Tractable NFA-Constrained Language Generation via HMMs

Constrained generation aims to sample from language models (LMs) conditioned on hard constraints. Existing constrained-generation techniques for nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) constraints either distort the distribution or sacrifice efficiency. Theoretically, this task reduces to counting the length-$n$ sequen...

Jialiang Sun, Kuldeep Meel · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Index-Translate: A Multilingual Translation Model Family -- Text, Speech, Controlled Dubbing, and Long-Document Translation

We introduce Index-Translate, a multilingual translation model family that combines a shared multilingual foundation with specialized training for general translation, instruction following, speech translation, controlled dubbing, and long-document translation. It includes three model sizes, 2B, 9B, and 35B-A3B, and su...

Tian-Jiao Li, Meng-Ran Yu, Chen-Yu Shi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Debias It Yourself: Teaching LLMs Cognitive Bias Mitigation Interventions

Bias has long been studied in social psychology and cognitive science, where decades of research have produced a body of validated interventions that reduce stereotypical thinking and prejudiced responses in humans. We propose Debias It Yourself (DIY), a cognitively grounded framework that translates five such interven...

Chahat Raj, Sina Mansouri, Aylin Caliskan et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Persistent Context Graphs for Efficient Memory Compaction in LLM Agents

As LLM capabilities advance, agents are tackling increasingly complex tasks over longer horizons. Their growing interaction histories make memory compaction essential for staying within context windows and reducing prefill cost. Existing methods summarize the history or compress its KV cache, often adding model computa...

Jing-Bo Yang, Kwei-Herng Lai, Xiao-Wen Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

OverdoseMoE: A Multi-Expert Framework for Opioid Overdose Risk Prediction

Opioid overdose remains a major clinical and public health burden, highlighting the need for scalable approaches to identify patients at high risk. Here, we investigate diagnosis-specific adaptation for 180-day opioid overdose risk prediction from patients' preceding one-year longitudinal ICD histories. We develop OODM...

Mingchen Li, Rohan Pandey, Junhui Qian et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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