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natural language processing

9,568 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Federated Multilingual Speech-LLMs: Architecture and Aggregation Strategy Benchmarking

A comprehensive benchmark of Federated Learning for multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for multilingual Speech-LLM architectures, evaluating four Speech-LLM architectures on the Multilingual LibriSpeech dataset shows that optimized learning rates are critical for performance.

Jordi Luque, Aleix Sant, Fernando López · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

FLARE: A Full-Lifecycle Dense Supervision Paradigm for Long-Horizon Coding Agents via Generative Reward Model

While test-time scaling enhances Large Language Model (LLM) agents in long-horizon software engineering (SWE), sparse binary rewards (Pass/Fail) create a severe credit assignment crisis and waste failed exploratory trajectories. Current trajectory optimization and scaling methods are costly and structurally limited, re...

Jing-Xuan Xu, Gang Wu, Ya-Nan Wu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Constrained Decoding Eliminates Structural Failures in Small LLMs but Reveals a Scale-Dependent Semantic Gap

It is found that CD eliminates all structural failures across all models, but content accuracy reveals a persistent semantic gap that is scale-dependent: type coercion failures are fully CD-rescuable, while instruction-semantic failures remain CD-resistant.

Akash Chavan · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

GRACE: Grounded Adversarial Reasoning over Canadian Law

Large language models have shown strong performance across a range of legal tasks, but existing benchmarks rarely evaluate the ability to take and defend a legal position, reason under incomplete information, or synthesize multiple statutory provisions. This gap is particularly pronounced for Canadian law, which remain...

Jia-Kang Xu, Wan-Tong Huo, Udom Silparcha et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Conference Open access Sep 2026

On the Efficiency-Safety Dilemma in Large Reasoning Models

It is found that while efficiency methods seemingly reduce the success rate of jailbreak attacks, this improvement is often superficial and largely arises from degraded reasoning capabilities leading to"attempted but failed"malicious responses, rather than an increase in genuine alignment.

Yifei Yang, Zou-Ying Cao, Xingrui Wang et al. · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Paragraph Boundaries Are Not White Space:Compression Depth as the Signature of Hierarchical Structure

A hierarchical rotary positional encoding (hRoPE) that represents paragraph, sentence, and token indices as separate channels, hold the token sequence fixed, intervene on the paragraph coordinate $p_1$, and measure cross-paragraph attention with a token-distance-exact estimator is used.

Shu-Yang Xiang · 0 citations

BabelArena: A Large-Scale Multilingual Benchmark for LLM Agents

BabelFlow is introduced, a benchmark-general agentic workflow that adapts existing agent benchmarks to new languages by analyzing runtime dependencies, coordinating structure-preserving translation, and combining multi-layer verification with human review to preserve task and evaluation semantics.

Peng Kuang, Yu-Chun Fan, Jiang-Nan Li et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

RPMem: Learning Long-Term Recurrent Parametric Memory Across Sessions for LLM Agents

RPMem is introduced, a two-stage architecture that compiles each session into a model-independent latent memory through forward computation and selectively integrates it with retained memory via a task-trained recurrent gate, establishing RPMem as a lifecycle-independent parametric memory framework that maintains evolv...

Fan-Yu Zhao, Rui-Ke Cao, Liang Dong et al. · 1 citation · ⚡1
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Perplexity Predicts Protection: Choosing Pretrained Backbones for Worst-Client Fairness in Federated Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

Federated learning lets multiple parties train a shared model without pooling their data, but a client with far less data than the others can end up poorly served even when the group's average accuracy looks fine. We ask whether the choice of pretrained backbone affects this under LoRA fine-tuning, and whether per-word...

Kiran Naseer, Samreen Azhar, Umar Shoaib et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Knowing When to Trust Images: Reliability-Aware Multi-modal Entity Alignment

A novel Reliability-Aware framework for MMEA (RA-MMEA), which assesses visual reliability and adaptively improves unreliable visual representations for robust entity alignment and enables more reliable visual representations for modality fusion, thereby improving performance.

Chen-Xiao Li, Yun-He Feng, Dongfang Liu et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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