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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Memory Tax: Dissecting the Net Value of Agent Memory

Memory is increasingly used in long-horizon agents, yet the net value of building memory over direct retrieval from raw history remains largely unclear. Through a large-scale evaluation across multiple benchmarks and model backbones, we find many dedicated memory systems underperform naive RAG in many cases, indicating...

Xuan He, Sining Zhoubian, Ruozhen Yang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Does GEPA Merge Help? A Mechanism-Level Diagnostic

GEPA is among the strongest reflective prompt optimizers for language-model programs, but its system-aware merge operator is unstable across models: merge improves gpt-4.1-mini on average while degrading Qwen3-8B, an asymmetry noted but left unexplained by the GEPA paper. We investigate this instability across five dat...

Chong Zhao, Ruyi Yang, Changming Liu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Patient Is Always Right? Evaluating Sycophancy in Medical Diagnosis with Graded Patient Beliefs

More people are seeking out general-purpose AI models for medical advice, including diagnosis. Yet, AI models are susceptible to sycophancy, like validating users' beliefs even when they are untrue, which could lead to false positive diagnoses. Here, we evaluate how nine AI models change their diagnostic decision when...

Viswonathan Manoranjan, Andrea Mock, Myra Cheng et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reversible Pseudonymisation of Documents Sent to External LLMs: an Open Bilingual Benchmark and an Engine

Professionals send working documents to external large language models. A common safeguard is reversible pseudonymisation: personal data are replaced with placeholders before the request and restored locally in the answer. We present an open benchmark of five existing open tools and a regular-expression baseline on Rus...

Vladimir Beskorovainyi · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

"High-Quality" Data for Early-Stage Instruction Tuning: An Empirical Study of Data Quality Metrics

"Data quality" is widely invoked in instruction tuning, but the term is often underspecified. We study it as an operational property by asking which simple example-level metrics, drawn from prior work on data selection, text quality, and instruction tuning, best predict training utility under a fixed finetuning budget....

Vladimir Necula, David Gvadzabia, Sofia Serrano · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Belief: Evaluating and Mitigating LLM Susceptibility to Misinformation

Tool-using large language models (LLMs) must decide whether external information warrants action. We investigate whether their expressed credibility judgments reliably indicate behavioral resistance to misinformation. We evaluate five LLMs on 196 constructed false notices paired with legitimate counterparts and 204 arc...

Emran Kanaan, Jiho Lee, Ibrahim Odat et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What Makes a Question Curious? Measuring Model Curiosity in Human-LLM Interactions

Large language models increasingly act as partners in everyday communication. In these interactions, useful assistance may require not only answering, but also asking the right questions that surface knowledge gaps, assumptions, and alternatives. In this study, we refer to such epistemic question-asking as model curios...

Angana Borah, Rachana Ramchandar, Inderjeet Nair et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Schema-Free Text-to-SQL: Learning Enterprise Database Structure from Query Logs

Text-to-SQL systems achieve remarkable accuracy on academic benchmarks, yet performance drops dramatically in enterprise deployments. This gap stems from a fundamental assumption: existing approaches require complete schema documentation, but enterprise databases typically lack comprehensive documentation, featuring cr...

Ömer Faruk Akgül, Nikhil Kapahi, P. Muppidi · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

HerHealthGPT: An Evidence-Grounded Conversational AI System for Women's Reproductive Health Copy title

"Why is my period late?" Sometimes, the most useful response begins with another question. Yet conversational AI systems may respond to incomplete health queries without seeking essential context or grounding their guidance in verifiable evidence. This paper introduces HerHealthGPT, an evidence-grounded conversational...

Hassan Saeed Hassan Albattra, Mazen Mohammed Bahgat, Rahatara Ferdousi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Personas Become Harmful: Guiding LLMs with Global Citizenship Values Alignment

LLMs are increasingly being used by users from diverse demographics with pluralistic values and distinct backgrounds. Maintaining safety while respecting value-laden personas is uniquely challenging because persona-conditioned requests are often not overtly malicious, unlike those in existing safety benchmarks. Alignme...

Siqi Shen, Lajanugen Logeswaran, Moontae Lee et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

EdgeDeID: A 0.6B Clinical De-identifier Trained Without Real Patient Data

De-identifying clinical notes with a hosted language model discloses the information the step is meant to protect. We present EdgeDeID, a 0.6B-parameter decoder-only de-identifier that runs locally and is trained without real patient text: three LLM teachers write synthetic notes, a single labeler re-annotates them int...

Sina Daneshgar, Raya Namazi, Amirali Khosravi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Task Format as a Factor in Adaptation: A Controlled Comparison of LoRA and Full Fine-Tuning for Prompt-Safety Classification

Fine-tuning a language model for classification involves many design decisions. Comparisons of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with full fine-tuning are common but often confounded, and task format is rarely studied. We compare both regimes on prompt-safety classification with a matched 400M encoder-decoder pair (Ettin) acr...

John Alderete, Srirakshith Betageri, Jennifer Flynn et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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