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small language model

3,629 papers

#artificial intelligence Review Jun 2026

Facilitating structure-based drug discovery with an artificial intelligence-driven virtual screening platform.

The Comprehensive VS Platform with AI Engine (CVSP-AIE) for drug discovery from compound libraries integrates three AI models: KarmaDock, a fast docking model that directly updates atomic coordinates; CarsiDock, an accurate docking model that predicts protein-ligand distances and reconstructs binding poses; and RTMScor...

Shu-kai Gu, Xujun Zhang, Mengwu Xiao et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

What Do Little Machines in Spring 2026 Know About Buddhist History?

This paper test representative models regarding their knowledge of Chinese and Japanese Buddhist history on consumer hardware and finds that, in Spring 2026, the Qwen series emerges as a winner for models in the 30B range, while the larger Kimi2.5 models lead in a cloud-based setup.

M. Bingenheimer · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

Estonian sign language research 1985–2024: a systematic literature review of methods, data, and research practices

This study presents the first systematic literature review of research on Estonian Sign Language (EVK) published between 1985 and 2024. Using Okoli's eight-step systematic literature review (SLR) model, we identified and screened 52 sources. Twenty-one were excluded on the basis of predefined criteria, leavi...

Jari Pärgma, Christian Rathmann, Péter Zalán Herbszt-Romanek · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

From Sim to 6DOF: Deep Learning for Real-Time Satellite Pose Estimation from Resolved Ground-Based Imagery

This work presents the first complete system for automated six degrees of freedom (6DOF) satellite pose estimation from spatially resolved, ground-based, adaptive optics (AO)-corrected imagery, addressing a key challenge in Space Domain Awareness (SDA). The approach mitigates the need for human labeling by directly reg...

Thomas J. Dickinson, Dawson Friesenhahn, Justin Fletcher et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Evaluation of Small and Large Language Models for Calculation of the ASA Score and Charlson Comorbidity Index in Orthopedic Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Concordance Analysis

Among the six evaluated model configurations, GPT-5.2 achieved significantly higher agreement with the clinician-derived composite reference than the other tested models for both ASA-PS and CCI in post hoc paired analyses with multiplicity correction.

Marco di Maio, G. Stopper, Vincenzo Di Matteo et al. · 0 citations
#graph neural networks Review Aug 2026

Deep Learning for Polymer Informatics: A Critical Analysis of Representations, Architectures, and Evaluation Practices

It is argued that realizing deep learning’s full potential requires not only architectural innovation but also domain-aware representations that encode the statistical ensemble nature of polymers, evaluation protocols aligned with discovery scenarios, and physically grounded inductive biases.

Nassima Aleb · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Retrieval Granularity as Evidence Design in Small-Model RAG Question Answering: A Diagnostic HotpotQA Study

Results align with a diagnostic perspective on chunking: using evidence at a task-appropriate level of granularity can improve grounding, auditability, and answer quality, but the observed patterns should be interpreted within the HotpotQA distractor setting, fixed generator, and tested context budgets.

Wei-Mao Ke, Li-Xia Yang, Meng-Yang Xu · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Aug 2026

FroLineR: Front-Line Response with Retrieval-Augmented Prompt-Engineered Reply Generation for IT Help Desks

IT help desks at large organizations face a high volume of recurrent, well-documented user requests that nevertheless require human-written replies, creating a persistent staff workload that is repetitive in content but non-trivial in tone and procedural correctness. We present FroLineR, short for Front-Line Response,...

Alexandru Dima, Marian Mihailescu, Darius Mihai et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Interprofessional Education Experience, Self-Rated Knowledge, and Perceived Interprofessional Collaboration Among Health Professions Faculty and Educators: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study in Albania and Italy

Self-reported prior IPE experience showed a clearer and more consistent association with perceived collaboration than did the single-item measure of self-rated IPE knowledge, whose association was small and less consistent across domains.

Viktorija Xharra, Rosario Caruso, Florian Spada et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Open access Nov 2026

A comparative review of modern large language model paradigms: GPT-4, BERT, Gemini, and DeepSeek

Comparison of GPT-4, BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformers), Gemini, and DeepSeek large language models (LLM), focusing on architectures, training methodologies, and real-world applications reveals GPT-4 excels in natural language generation and complex reasoning, supporting up to 128K tokens wi...

Kavish Sanghvi, Aparna S. Sharma, Surbhi Hooda · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Aug 2026

LifeSciBench: Evaluating Language Models on Realistic, Expert-Level Tasks in the Life Sciences

LifeSciBench is introduced, a benchmark of 750 expert-authored tasks designed to evaluate whether language models can handle realistic life science research work, with each constituent task paired with a human expert-written rubric.

Amelia Liu, Andrew Ho, A. Droste et al. · 5 citations · ⚡1

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