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small language model

3,445 papers

#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Measurement Invariance as an Item-Screening Criterion for Large Language Model Benchmarks: A Position Note

Item response theory is increasingly applied to large language model benchmarks. Recent work uses item response models to select small informative subsets of items, to adapt item administration to model ability, to flag likely label errors, and to estimate latent ability instead of relying on raw accuracy. Recent work...

Matthew Snelling · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

HIOF • Quantum Biodynamics — Paper III: From Reaction Networks to Evolvable Individuals

HIOF: Quantum Biodynamics (HIOF-QB) A Seven-Paper Series on When a Quantum Event Becomes Biological Function This is a short, non-technical companion to the 7-paper QB series (QB 0 to QB VI). It is written for readers with a background in quantum biology, biophysics, chemical physics, or systems biology. It is not writ...

Wai-Hung (Pan) Tam · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Correlated Minds: State-Dependent Error Correlation Across Large Language Models in Financial Forecasting, Benchmarked Against Human Professional Forecasters

VERSION 1.1-addendum-1 (posted 3 October 2026): ADDENDUM 1. This version adds OSF-ADDENDUM-1.md, a summary of the twenty-four dated deviations and disclosures logged in section 11 of the plan before the study's first registered look at its outcomes, and the current PREREGISTRATION.md, which carries section 11 in full....

Rajan Khiani · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

SAGE: Fine-Tuned Small Language Models, Multi-Agent Orchestration, and Governance for Digital Marketing Automation

Cloud-hosted Large Language Model (LLM) agents offer broad capability but limited control over per-token cost, external data exposure, and vendor dependency. This work addresses that trade-off by decoupling supervisory reasoning from domain-level inference. This work presents SLM Agentic Governance Engine (SAGE), a uni...

Jat Singh · 0 citations
#small language model Book Open access Oct 2026

The Universal Algorithm: Physics Walls, Collective Solutions, and the Architecture of Complexity

THE UNIVERSAL ALGORITHM Physics Walls, Collective Solutions, and the Architecture of Complexity Jason Prevett The Universal Algorithm is the expanded, general-audience companion to the framework introduced in the Journal of Big History. Published overview: The Universal Algorithm: Physics Walls, Collective Solutions, a...

Jason Prevett · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Siesta: Identitas yang Koheren pada Model Bahasa Orchestrator dengan Kepribadian Emergen

Siesta is a small-scale independent research project exploring identity coherence in an Indonesian-language orchestrator model — a "brain" that stays behaviorally consistent while delegating specialized tasks to separate hidden models, following an architectural pattern we call Human-Parity Orchestration (HuPO). Built...

Evan Almunawar · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Same time, same object, different value: probing a small language model for conflicts inside the context window

A pre-registered pilot on Qwen2.5-0.5B. A first protocol met all its criteria (AUROC 1.00), but post-hoc controls showed the result was lexical. A second protocol, trained on colours and materials and tested on sizes, an attribute never seen in training, met all its criteria again: AUROC 0.99 pooled, 0.98 against tempo...

Yanush Feshter · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Known-Bad Names, Unknown-Bad Uses: What Local Code Models Detect When They Review Cryptographic API Misuse

Small code language models are now easy to run on a developer's own laptop, and one thing people ask them to do is a quick security pass over code before it ships. I wanted to know how far that trust holds for one narrow but dangerous flaw family, cryptographic API misuse. I built CryptoBench, a set of thirty-six vulne...

Sunny Chokshi · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

HIOF • Quantum Biodynamics — Paper I: Quantum Biology Is Not a Resource Inventory

HIOF: Quantum Biodynamics (HIOF-QB) A Seven-Paper Series on When a Quantum Event Becomes Biological Function This is a short, non-technical companion to the 7-paper QB series (QB 0 to QB VI). It is written for readers with a background in quantum biology, biophysics, chemical physics, or systems biology. It is not writ...

Wai-Hung (Pan) Tam · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

HIOF • Quantum Biodynamics — Paper VI: Empirical Protocols for HIOF: Quantum Biodynamics

HIOF: Quantum Biodynamics (HIOF-QB) A Seven-Paper Series on When a Quantum Event Becomes Biological Function This is a short, non-technical companion to the 7-paper QB series (QB 0 to QB VI). It is written for readers with a background in quantum biology, biophysics, chemical physics, or systems biology. It is not writ...

Wai-Hung (Pan) Tam · 0 citations
#large language models Dataset Open access Oct 2026

Testing Multireference Methods Against a Measured Iron Spin Gap: the Peters Fe₂(μ-H)₂ Complex

Spin States of a Diiron Dihydride — a Computational Case Study of the Peters 3-N₂ Complex In plain language We asked computer simulation to reproduce one measured property of a real iron compound, and got the direction right but the size only roughly. The compound is a two-iron molecule made at Caltech in 2014. Its ele...

Amit Brahmbhatt · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

HIOF • Quantum Biodynamics — Paper III: From Reaction Networks to Evolvable Individuals

HIOF: Quantum Biodynamics (HIOF-QB) A Seven-Paper Series on When a Quantum Event Becomes Biological Function This is a short, non-technical companion to the 7-paper QB series (QB 0 to QB VI). It is written for readers with a background in quantum biology, biophysics, chemical physics, or systems biology. It is not writ...

Wai-Hung (Pan) Tam · 0 citations

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