Nutritional, Medicinal, and Industrial Applications of Hyptis suaveolens, Plantago ovata, and Salvia hispanica: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Herbal plants have been traditionally valued for centuries across many cultures. Hyptis suaveolens, Plantago ovata, and Salvia hispanica are widely consumed in Bangladesh as mucilage-rich sherbet drinks which promote hydration and digestive health, yet no previous study has offered a comprehensive side-by-side comparison of their seed and husk profiles. The objective of this review is to systematically analyze their nutritional composition, medicinal properties, and industrial uses to identify complementary strengths and guide future research and commercialization efforts. A systematic literature search was conducted across major scientific databases, supplemented by local market collection of seeds and husks, experimental measurement of water-holding capacity, and photography of the plants. The findings indicate that P, ovata possesses the highest soluble fiber content offering superior benefits for gut health, cholesterol management, and applications in biodegradable packaging and drug delivery systems, while S. hispanica stands out for its rich omega three fatty acids and essential minerals that support cardiovascular and metabolic wellness and enable versatile incorporation into bakery items, beverages, and cosmetics, and H. suaveolens, although less studied globally, demonstrates notable anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and insecticidal properties with promising roles as a natural herbicide and grain preservative in agriculture. In conclusion, S. hispanica emerges as the most nutritionally balanced with diversified commercial potential, whereas P. ovata and H. suaveolens contribute distinct digestive and agro-medicinal advantages, underscoring the need for further clinical trials, cultivation optimization, and industrial scale-up, particularly in Bangladesh.