Desigualdad económica y su relación con el gasto público, en el Perú 1990-2022

Abstract

The objective of this research is to determine the degree of relationship and causality between economic inequality in Peru and public spending, using national income and industrialization as control variables during the study period. By identifying variable trends and explaining their variations within annual time series, a quantitative approach was employed using a non-experimental, longitudinal trend design—analyzing changes in the variables over time without intervention. The findings reveal a direct relationship between economic inequality and public spending, industrialization, and national income; these variables are cointegrated in both the short and long term, with an annual adjustment speed of 39.4%. Furthermore, all econometric tests yielded the expected results. Data analysis was conducted using EViews 12 software, applying an ARDL model, the Bounds Test, an Error Correction Model, and CUSUM and CUSUM-squared tests to verify model stability. This research aims to emphasize the need for the proper, responsible, and honest management of state resources in order to reduce existing inequality gaps within the Peruvian economy.